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Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Alla Toktarova

    (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Ida Karlsson

    (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Johan Rootzén

    (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Lisa Göransson

    (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Mikael Odenberger

    (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Filip Johnsson

    (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

The concept of techno-economic pathways is used to investigate the potential implementation of CO 2 abatement measures over time towards zero-emission steelmaking in Sweden. The following mitigation measures are investigated and combined in three pathways: top gas recycling blast furnace (TGRBF); carbon capture and storage (CCS); substitution of pulverized coal injection (PCI) with biomass; hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DR); and electric arc furnace (EAF), where fossil fuels are replaced with biomass. The results show that CCS in combination with biomass substitution in the blast furnace and a replacement primary steel production plant with EAF with biomass (Pathway 1) yield CO 2 emission reductions of 83% in 2045 compared to CO 2 emissions with current steel process configurations. Electrification of the primary steel production in terms of H-DR/EAF process (Pathway 2), could result in almost fossil-free steel production, and Sweden could achieve a 10% reduction in total CO 2 emissions. Finally, (Pathway 3) we show that increased production of hot briquetted iron pellets (HBI), could lead to decarbonization of the steel industry outside Sweden, assuming that the exported HBI will be converted via EAF and the receiving country has a decarbonized power sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Alla Toktarova & Ida Karlsson & Johan Rootzén & Lisa Göransson & Mikael Odenberger & Filip Johnsson, 2020. "Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:15:p:3840-:d:390369
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    7. Gyeong-Min Kim & Jae Hyung Choi & Chung-Hwan Jeon & Dong-Ha Lim, 2022. "Effects of Cofiring Coal and Biomass Fuel on the Pulverized Coal Injection Combustion Zone in Blast Furnaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, January.
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