IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i12p3173-d373511.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Virtual Tool for Load Flow Analysis in a Micro-Grid

Author

Listed:
  • Giovanni Artale

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Caravello

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Antonio Cataliotti

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Valentina Cosentino

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Dario Di Cara

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Salvatore Guaiana

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Ninh Nguyen Quang

    (Institute of Energy Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Marco Palmeri

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Nicola Panzavecchia

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Giovanni Tinè

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

This paper proposes a virtual tool for load flow analysis in energy distribution systems of micro-grids. The solution is based on a low-cost measurement architecture, which entails low-voltage power measurements in each secondary substation and a voltage measurement at the beginning of the medium voltage (MV) feeder. The proposed virtual tool periodically queries these instruments to acquire the measurements. Then, it implements a backward–forward load flow algorithm, to evaluate the power flow in each branch and the voltage at each node. The virtual tool performances are validated using power measurements acquired at the beginning of each MV feeder. The uncertainties on each calculated quantity are also evaluated starting from the uncertainties due to the used measurement instruments. Moreover, the influence of the line parameter uncertainties on the evaluated quantities is also considered. The validated tool is useful for the online analysis of power flows and also for planning purposes, as it allows verifying the influence of future distributed generator power injection. In fact, the tool is able to off-line perform the load flow calculation in differently distributed generation scenarios. The micro-grid of Favignana Island was used as a case study to test the developed virtual tool.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Artale & Giuseppe Caravello & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Salvatore Guaiana & Ninh Nguyen Quang & Marco Palmeri & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2020. "A Virtual Tool for Load Flow Analysis in a Micro-Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3173-:d:373511
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3173/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3173/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Giovanni Artale & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Salvatore Guaiana & Enrico Telaretti & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2019. "Incremental Heuristic Approach for Meter Placement in Radial Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Giovanni Artale & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Riccardo Fiorelli & Salvatore Guaiana & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2019. "A New Coupling Solution for G3-PLC Employment in MV Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Athila Quaresma Santos & Zheng Ma & Casper Gellert Olsen & Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, 2018. "Framework for Microgrid Design Using Social, Economic, and Technical Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    4. Mirko Ginocchi & Amir Ahmadifar & Ferdinanda Ponci & Antonello Monti, 2020. "Application of a Smart Grid Interoperability Testing Methodology in a Real-Time Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-25, April.
    5. Sharma, Konark & Saini, Lalit Mohan, 2017. "Power-line communications for smart grid: Progress, challenges, opportunities and status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 704-751.
    6. Stefano Rinaldi & Marco Pasetti & Emiliano Sisinni & Federico Bonafini & Paolo Ferrari & Mattia Rizzi & Alessandra Flammini, 2018. "On the Mobile Communication Requirements for the Demand-Side Management of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-27, May.
    7. Javier Mendoza-Vizcaino & Andreas Sumper & Samuel Galceran-Arellano, 2017. "PV, Wind and Storage Integration on Small Islands for the Fulfilment of the 50-50 Renewable Electricity Generation Target," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-29, May.
    8. Basanta Raj Pokhrel & Birgitte Bak-Jensen & Jayakrishnan R. Pillai, 2019. "Integrated Approach for Network Observability and State Estimation in Active Distribution Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Edoardo De Din & Marco Pau & Ferdinanda Ponci & Antonello Monti, 2020. "A Coordinated Voltage Control for Overvoltage Mitigation in LV Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    10. Nikoleta Andreadou & Miguel Olariaga Guardiola & Gianluca Fulli, 2016. "Telecommunication Technologies for Smart Grid Projects with Focus on Smart Metering Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-35, May.
    11. Thiago Mota Soares & Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra & Maria Emília de Lima Tostes, 2019. "Full-Observable Three-Phase State Estimation Algorithm Applied to Electric Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, April.
    12. Eleonora Riva Sanseverino & Maria Luisa Di Silvestre & Gaetano Zizzo & Roberto Gallea & Ninh Nguyen Quang, 2013. "A Self-Adapting Approach for Forecast-Less Scheduling of Electrical Energy Storage Systems in a Liberalized Energy Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(11), pages 1-22, November.
    13. Kotzebue, Julia R. & Weissenbacher, Manfred, 2020. "The EU's Clean Energy strategy for islands: A policy perspective on Malta's spatial governance in energy transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    14. Dileep, G., 2020. "A survey on smart grid technologies and applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2589-2625.
    15. Mojgan Hojabri & Ulrich Dersch & Antonios Papaemmanouil & Peter Bosshart, 2019. "A Comprehensive Survey on Phasor Measurement Unit Applications in Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-23, November.
    16. Alves, M. & Segurado, R. & Costa, M., 2020. "On the road to 100% renewable energy systems in isolated islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    17. Mihai Sanduleac & Gianluca Lipari & Antonello Monti & Artemis Voulkidis & Gianluca Zanetto & Antonello Corsi & Lucian Toma & Giampaolo Fiorentino & Dumitru Federenciuc, 2017. "Next Generation Real-Time Smart Meters for ICT Based Assessment of Grid Data Inconsistencies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, June.
    18. Antonio Delle Femine & Daniele Gallo & Carmine Landi & Mario Luiso, 2019. "The Design of a Low Cost Phasor Measurement Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-15, July.
    19. Kabalci, Yasin, 2016. "A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 302-318.
    20. Alberto Sendin & Ivan Peña & Pablo Angueira, 2014. "Strategies for Power Line Communications Smart Metering Network Deployment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-44, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marcel Nicola & Claudiu-Ionel Nicola & Dan Selișteanu, 2022. "Improvement of the Control of a Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controllers Using a Reinforcement Learning Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Agent," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-32, March.
    2. Boscaino, Valeria & Ditta, Vito & Marsala, Giuseppe & Panzavecchia, Nicola & Tinè, Giovanni & Cosentino, Valentina & Cataliotti, Antonio & Di Cara, Dario, 2024. "Grid-connected photovoltaic inverters: Grid codes, topologies and control techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    3. Paweł Pijarski & Piotr Kacejko, 2021. "Voltage Optimization in MV Network with Distributed Generation Using Power Consumption Control in Electrolysis Installations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    4. Marcel Nicola & Claudiu-Ionel Nicola, 2021. "Fractional-Order Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controllers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-25, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Giovanni Artale & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Riccardo Fiorelli & Salvatore Guaiana & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2019. "A New Coupling Solution for G3-PLC Employment in MV Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Giovanni Artale & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Salvatore Guaiana & Enrico Telaretti & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2019. "Incremental Heuristic Approach for Meter Placement in Radial Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Antonio E. Saldaña-González & Andreas Sumper & Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba & Miha Smolnikar, 2020. "Advanced Distribution Measurement Technologies and Data Applications for Smart Grids: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-34, July.
    4. Antoine Boche & Clément Foucher & Luiz Fernando Lavado Villa, 2022. "Understanding Microgrid Sustainability: A Systemic and Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-29, April.
    5. Emilio Ghiani & Alessandro Serpi & Virginia Pilloni & Giuliana Sias & Marco Simone & Gianluca Marcialis & Giuliano Armano & Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, 2018. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Development of Smart Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-29, September.
    6. van de Kaa, G. & Fens, T. & Rezaei, J. & Kaynak, D. & Hatun, Z. & Tsilimeni-Archangelidi, A., 2019. "Realizing smart meter connectivity: Analyzing the competing technologies Power line communication, mobile telephony, and radio frequency using the best worst method," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 320-327.
    7. Alvaro Llaria & Jessye Dos Santos & Guillaume Terrasson & Zina Boussaada & Christophe Merlo & Octavian Curea, 2021. "Intelligent Buildings in Smart Grids: A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues Related to Energy Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-37, May.
    8. Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis & Apostolos Michopoulos & Vasiliki Skoulou & Eirini Dakanali & Aggeliki Maragkaki & Stavroula Pappa & Ioannis Antonakakis & Dimitris Christakis & Constantinos Condaxakis, 2022. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for an Effective and Rational Energy Transition in Crete Island, Greece," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-49, April.
    9. Gjorgievski, Vladimir Z. & Cundeva, Snezana & Georghiou, George E., 2021. "Social arrangements, technical designs and impacts of energy communities: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1138-1156.
    10. Wu, Ying & Wu, Yanpeng & Guerrero, Josep M. & Vasquez, Juan C., 2021. "A comprehensive overview of framework for developing sustainable energy internet: From things-based energy network to services-based management system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    11. Shahzad Aslam & Nasir Ayub & Umer Farooq & Muhammad Junaid Alvi & Fahad R. Albogamy & Gul Rukh & Syed Irtaza Haider & Ahmad Taher Azar & Rasool Bukhsh, 2021. "Towards Electric Price and Load Forecasting Using CNN-Based Ensembler in Smart Grid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-28, November.
    12. Nikolaos-Antonios I. Livanos & Sami Hammal & Nikolaos Giamarelos & Vagelis Alifragkis & Constantinos S. Psomopoulos & Elias N. Zois, 2023. "OpenEdgePMU: An Open PMU Architecture with Edge Processing for Future Resilient Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-29, March.
    13. Mario Sanz & José Ignacio Moreno & Gregorio López & Javier Matanza & Julio Berrocal, 2021. "Web-Based Toolkit for Performance Simulation and Analysis of Power Line Communication Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-25, October.
    14. Artur Felipe da Silva Veloso & José Valdemir Reis Júnior & Ricardo de Andrade Lira Rabelo & Jocines Dela-flora Silveira, 2021. "HyDSMaaS: A Hybrid Communication Infrastructure with LoRaWAN and LoraMesh for the Demand Side Management as a Service," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-45, October.
    15. Phylicia Cicilio & David Glennon & Adam Mate & Arthur Barnes & Vishvas Chalishazar & Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez & Bjorn Vaagensmith & Jake Gentle & Craig Rieger & Richard Wies & Mohammad Heidari Kapourch, 2021. "Resilience in an Evolving Electrical Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, January.
    16. David Macii & Daniele Fontanelli & Grazia Barchi, 2020. "A Distribution System State Estimator Based on an Extended Kalman Filter Enhanced with a Prior Evaluation of Power Injections at Unmonitored Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-25, November.
    17. A. Jain & A. Mani & A. S. Siddiqui, 2019. "Network architecture for demand response implementation in smart grid," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 10(6), pages 1389-1402, December.
    18. Hannah Mareike Marczinkowski & Luísa Barros, 2020. "Technical Approaches and Institutional Alignment to 100% Renewable Energy System Transition of Madeira Island—Electrification, Smart Energy and the Required Flexible Market Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    19. Alessandro Pitì & Giacomo Verticale & Cristina Rottondi & Antonio Capone & Luca Lo Schiavo, 2017. "The Role of Smart Meters in Enabling Real-Time Energy Services for Households: The Italian Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-25, February.
    20. Mahmud, Khizir & Khan, Behram & Ravishankar, Jayashri & Ahmadi, Abdollah & Siano, Pierluigi, 2020. "An internet of energy framework with distributed energy resources, prosumers and small-scale virtual power plants: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3173-:d:373511. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.