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Study on the Impacts of Capillary Number and Initial Water Saturation on the Residual Gas Distribution by NMR

Author

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  • Tao Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Ying Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
    Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Min Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Jiahao Ji

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Lin Chang

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
    Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Zheming Wang

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352, USA)

Abstract

The determination of microscopic residual gas distribution is beneficial for exploiting reservoirs to their maximum potential. In this work, both forced and spontaneous imbibition (waterflooding) experiments were performed on a high-pressure displacement experimental setup, which was integrated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to reveal the impacts of capillary number ( Ca ) and initial water saturation ( S wi ) on the residual gas distribution over four magnitudes of injection rates ( Q = 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mL/min), expressed as Ca (log Ca = −8.68, −7.68, −6.68 and −5.68), and three different S wi ( S wi = 0%, 39.34% and 62.98%). The NMR amplitude is dependent on pore volumes while the NMR transverse relaxation time ( T 2 ) spectrum reflects the characteristics of pore size distribution, which is determined based on a mercury injection (MI) experiment. Using this method, the residual gas distribution was quantified by comparing the T 2 spectrum of the sample measured after imbibition with the sample fully saturated by brine before imbibition. The results showed that capillary trapping efficiency increased with increasing S wi , and above 90% of residual gas existed in pores larger than 1 μm in the spontaneous imbibition experiments. The residual gas was trapped in pores by different capillary trapping mechanisms under different Ca , leading to the difference of residual gas distribution. The flow channels were mainly composed of micropores (pore radius, r < 1 μm) and mesopores ( r = 1–10 μm) at log Ca = −8.68 and −7.68, while of mesopores and macropores ( r > 10 μm) at log Ca = −5.68. At both S wi = 0% and 39.34%, residual gas distribution in macropores significantly decreased while that in micropores slightly increased with log Ca increasing to −6.68 and −5.68, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Tao Li & Ying Wang & Min Li & Jiahao Ji & Lin Chang & Zheming Wang, 2019. "Study on the Impacts of Capillary Number and Initial Water Saturation on the Residual Gas Distribution by NMR," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:14:p:2714-:d:248748
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kun Qian & Shenglai Yang & Hongen Dou & Qian Wang & Lu Wang & Yu Huang, 2018. "Experimental Investigation on Microscopic Residual Oil Distribution During CO 2 Huff-and-Puff Process in Tight Oil Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Ting Chen & Zhengming Yang & Yutian Luo & Wei Lin & Jiaxiang Xu & Yunhong Ding & Jialiang Niu, 2018. "Evaluation of Displacement Effects of Different Injection Media in Tight Oil Sandstone by Online Nuclear Magnetic Resonance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, October.
    3. Hongjun Xu & Yiren Fan & Falong Hu & Changxi Li & Jun Yu & Zhichao Liu & Fuyong Wang, 2019. "Characterization of Pore Throat Size Distribution in Tight Sandstones with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and High-Pressure Mercury Intrusion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Chaohui Lyu & Qing Wang & Zhengfu Ning & Mingqiang Chen & Mingqi Li & Zhili Chen & Yuxuan Xia, 2018. "Investigation on the Application of NMR to Spontaneous Imbibition Recovery of Tight Sandstones: An Experimental Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-12, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Reza Rezaee, 2022. "Editorial on Special Issues of Development of Unconventional Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Xiaoshan Li & Liu Yang & Dezhi Sun & Bingjian Ling & Suling Wang, 2024. "Experimental Study of Forced Imbibition in Tight Reservoirs Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance under High-Pressure Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-18, June.

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