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Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)

Author

Listed:
  • Rokas Tamašauskas

    (JSC “Planuotojai“, Vasario 16-osios str. 8-6, LT-44250 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Jolanta Šadauskienė

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Patrikas Bruzgevičius

    (JSC “Įraža”, Tunelio str. 60, Kaunas, LT-4440 Lithuania)

  • Dorota Anna Krawczyk

    (Faculty of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

Abstract

In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Rokas Tamašauskas & Jolanta Šadauskienė & Patrikas Bruzgevičius & Dorota Anna Krawczyk, 2019. "Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:11:p:2145-:d:237204
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Katinas, Vladislovas & Gecevicius, Giedrius & Marciukaitis, Mantas, 2018. "An investigation of wind power density distribution at location with low and high wind speeds using statistical model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 442-451.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hamels, Sam & Himpe, Eline & Laverge, Jelle & Delghust, Marc & Van den Brande, Kjartan & Janssens, Arnold & Albrecht, Johan, 2021. "The use of primary energy factors and CO2 intensities for electricity in the European context - A systematic methodological review and critical evaluation of the contemporary literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    2. Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka & Hubert Gąsiński & Joanna Rogozińska-Mitrut & Dariusz Soboń & Sebastian Zupok, 2023. "Review of Selected Aspects of Wind Energy Market Development in Poland and Lithuania in the Face of Current Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, January.

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