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Analysis of Carbon Leakage under Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System: Trading Patterns in the Cement and Aluminium Sectors

Author

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  • Sean Healy

    (Oeko-Institut, 10179 Berlin, Germany)

  • Katja Schumacher

    (Oeko-Institut, 10179 Berlin, Germany)

  • Wolfgang Eichhammer

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
    Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This paper contributes to the existing literature on carbon leakage by using a range of different publically available datasets in order to develop a systematic approach for identifying whether products are potentially at risk of carbon leakage. The scope of this paper focuses on the cement and aluminium sectors at different levels of product aggregation to demonstrate the variation in trade patterns that exist over time. The evolution of EU-28 trade flows with third countries for these sectors between 2000 and 2016 enables the selection of key third countries that could warrant further investigation via more quantitative techniques in order to determine the impact of carbon pricing on trade patterns. This systematic approach could be replicated for additional sectors in further research as part of a more regular assessment to provide evidence of carbon leakage for European industry. No evidence of carbon leakage is found in this paper for clinker and cement, while there is no conclusive evidence for unwrought non-alloyed aluminium and aluminium products.

Suggested Citation

  • Sean Healy & Katja Schumacher & Wolfgang Eichhammer, 2018. "Analysis of Carbon Leakage under Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System: Trading Patterns in the Cement and Aluminium Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-25, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1231-:d:145942
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frédéric Branger & Jean-Pierre Ponssard & Oliver Sartor & Misato Sato, 2015. "EU ETS, Free Allocations, and Activity Level Thresholds: The Devil Lies in the Details," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 2(3), pages 401-437.
    2. Frédéric Branger & Misato Sato, 2017. "Solving the clinker dilemma with hybrid output-based allocation," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 140(3), pages 483-501, February.
    3. Mohamed Amine Boutabba & Sandrine Lardic, 2017. "EU Emissions Trading Scheme, competitiveness and carbon leakage: new evidence from cement and steel industries," Post-Print hal-02877954, HAL.
    4. Oliver Sartor, 2012. "Carbon Leakage in the Primary Aluminium Sector," Working Papers hal-00776451, HAL.
    5. Mohamed Amine Boutabba & Sandrine Lardic, 2017. "EU Emissions Trading Scheme, competitiveness and carbon leakage: new evidence from cement and steel industries," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 255(1), pages 47-61, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Gianoli & Felipe Bravo, 2020. "Carbon Tax, Carbon Leakage and the Theory of Induced Innovation in the Decarbonisation of Industrial Processes: The Case of the Port of Rotterdam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Ambec, Stefan & Esposito, Federico & Pacelli, Antonia, 2024. "The economics of carbon leakage mitigation policies," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    3. Jianhui Cong & Huimin Wang & Xiaoxiao Hu & Yongbin Zhao & Yingying Wang & Weiqiang Zhang & Ling Zhang, 2023. "Does China’s Pilot Carbon Market Cause Carbon Leakage? New Evidence from the Chemical, Building Material, and Metal Industries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-27, January.
    4. Wolfgang Eichhammer & Nele Friedrichsen & Sean Healy & Katja Schumacher, 2018. "Impacts of the Allocation Mechanism Under the Third Phase of the European Emission Trading Scheme," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-23, June.
    5. Hana Nielsen & Astrid Kander, 2020. "Trade in the Carbon-Constrained Future: Exploiting the Comparative Carbon Advantage of Swedish Trade," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-25, July.

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