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Coupling Methodology for Studying the Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays over a Varying Bathymetry

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  • Gael Verao Fernandez

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

  • Philip Balitsky

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

  • Vasiliki Stratigaki

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

  • Peter Troch

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

Abstract

For renewable wave energy to operate at grid scale, large arrays of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) need to be deployed in the ocean. Due to the hydrodynamic interactions between the individual WECs of an array, the overall power absorption and surrounding wave field will be affected, both close to the WECs (near field effects) and at large distances from their location (far field effects). Therefore, it is essential to model both the near field and far field effects of WEC arrays. It is difficult, however, to model both effects using a single numerical model that offers the desired accuracy at a reasonable computational time. The objective of this paper is to present a generic coupling methodology that will allow to model both effects accurately. The presented coupling methodology is exemplified using the mild slope wave propagation model MILDwave and the Boundary Elements Methods (BEM) solver NEMOH. NEMOH is used to model the near field effects while MILDwave is used to model the WEC array far field effects. The information between the two models is transferred using a one-way coupling. The results of the NEMOH-MILDwave coupled model are compared to the results from using only NEMOH for various test cases in uniform water depth. Additionally, the NEMOH-MILDwave coupled model is validated against available experimental wave data for a 9-WEC array. The coupling methodology proves to be a reliable numerical tool as the results demonstrate a difference between the numerical simulations results smaller than 5% and between the numerical simulations results and the experimental data ranging from 3% to 11%. The simulations are subsequently extended for a varying bathymetry, which will affect the far field effects. As a result, our coupled model proves to be a suitable numerical tool for simulating far field effects of WEC arrays for regular and irregular waves over a varying bathymetry.

Suggested Citation

  • Gael Verao Fernandez & Philip Balitsky & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2018. "Coupling Methodology for Studying the Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays over a Varying Bathymetry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:2899-:d:178139
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Tim Stallard & David Forehand & Jens Peter Kofoed & Matt Folley & Michel Benoit & Aurélien Babarit & Jens Kirkegaard, 2014. "Wave Basin Experiments with Large Wave Energy Converter Arrays to Study Interactions between the Converters and Effects on Other Users in the Sea and the Coastal Area," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-34, February.
    2. Brecht Devolder & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Pieter Rauwoens, 2018. "CFD Simulations of Floating Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Arrays Subjected to Regular Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Tim Verbrugghe & Vicky Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Raphael Rabussier & Andreas Kortenhaus, 2017. "A Comparison Study of a Generic Coupling Methodology for Modeling Wake Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-25, October.
    4. Beels, Charlotte & Troch, Peter & Kofoed, Jens Peter & Frigaard, Peter & Vindahl Kringelum, Jon & Carsten Kromann, Peter & Heyman Donovan, Martin & De Rouck, Julien & De Backer, Griet, 2011. "A methodology for production and cost assessment of a farm of wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3402-3416.
    5. Babarit, A., 2013. "On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 68-78.
    6. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2014. "Wave farm impact: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 375-385.
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    2. Faedo, Nicolás & Peña-Sanchez, Yerai & Pasta, Edoardo & Papini, Guglielmo & Mosquera, Facundo D. & Ferri, Francesco, 2023. "SWELL: An open-access experimental dataset for arrays of wave energy conversion systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 699-716.
    3. Quartier, Nicolas & Vervaet, Timothy & Fernandez, Gael Verao & Domínguez, José M. & Crespo, Alejandro J.C. & Stratigaki, Vasiliki & Troch, Peter, 2024. "High-fidelity numerical modelling of a two-WEC array with accurate implementation of the PTO system and control strategy using DualSPHysics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    4. Carlo Lo Re & Giorgio Manno & Giuseppe Ciraolo & Giovanni Besio, 2019. "Wave Energy Assessment around the Aegadian Islands (Sicily)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, January.
    5. He, Guanghua & Luan, Zhengxiao & Zhang, Wei & He, Runhua & Liu, Chaogang & Yang, Kaibo & Yang, Changhao & Jing, Penglin & Zhang, Zhigang, 2023. "Review on research approaches for multi-point absorber wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    6. Panagiotis Vasarmidis & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2019. "Accurate and Fast Generation of Irregular Short Crested Waves by Using Periodic Boundaries in a Mild-Slope Wave Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, February.
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    9. Gael Verao Fernández & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2019. "Irregular Wave Validation of a Coupling Methodology for Numerical Modelling of Near and Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
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