IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i11p2899-d178139.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Coupling Methodology for Studying the Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays over a Varying Bathymetry

Author

Listed:
  • Gael Verao Fernandez

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

  • Philip Balitsky

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

  • Vasiliki Stratigaki

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

  • Peter Troch

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologierpark 904, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium)

Abstract

For renewable wave energy to operate at grid scale, large arrays of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) need to be deployed in the ocean. Due to the hydrodynamic interactions between the individual WECs of an array, the overall power absorption and surrounding wave field will be affected, both close to the WECs (near field effects) and at large distances from their location (far field effects). Therefore, it is essential to model both the near field and far field effects of WEC arrays. It is difficult, however, to model both effects using a single numerical model that offers the desired accuracy at a reasonable computational time. The objective of this paper is to present a generic coupling methodology that will allow to model both effects accurately. The presented coupling methodology is exemplified using the mild slope wave propagation model MILDwave and the Boundary Elements Methods (BEM) solver NEMOH. NEMOH is used to model the near field effects while MILDwave is used to model the WEC array far field effects. The information between the two models is transferred using a one-way coupling. The results of the NEMOH-MILDwave coupled model are compared to the results from using only NEMOH for various test cases in uniform water depth. Additionally, the NEMOH-MILDwave coupled model is validated against available experimental wave data for a 9-WEC array. The coupling methodology proves to be a reliable numerical tool as the results demonstrate a difference between the numerical simulations results smaller than 5% and between the numerical simulations results and the experimental data ranging from 3% to 11%. The simulations are subsequently extended for a varying bathymetry, which will affect the far field effects. As a result, our coupled model proves to be a suitable numerical tool for simulating far field effects of WEC arrays for regular and irregular waves over a varying bathymetry.

Suggested Citation

  • Gael Verao Fernandez & Philip Balitsky & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2018. "Coupling Methodology for Studying the Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays over a Varying Bathymetry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:2899-:d:178139
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/2899/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/2899/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Babarit, A., 2013. "On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 68-78.
    2. Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Tim Stallard & David Forehand & Jens Peter Kofoed & Matt Folley & Michel Benoit & Aurélien Babarit & Jens Kirkegaard, 2014. "Wave Basin Experiments with Large Wave Energy Converter Arrays to Study Interactions between the Converters and Effects on Other Users in the Sea and the Coastal Area," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-34, February.
    3. Brecht Devolder & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Pieter Rauwoens, 2018. "CFD Simulations of Floating Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Arrays Subjected to Regular Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-23, March.
    4. Tim Verbrugghe & Vicky Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Raphael Rabussier & Andreas Kortenhaus, 2017. "A Comparison Study of a Generic Coupling Methodology for Modeling Wake Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-25, October.
    5. Beels, Charlotte & Troch, Peter & Kofoed, Jens Peter & Frigaard, Peter & Vindahl Kringelum, Jon & Carsten Kromann, Peter & Heyman Donovan, Martin & De Rouck, Julien & De Backer, Griet, 2011. "A methodology for production and cost assessment of a farm of wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3402-3416.
    6. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2014. "Wave farm impact: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 375-385.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rijnsdorp, Dirk P. & Hansen, Jeff E. & Lowe, Ryan J., 2020. "Understanding coastal impacts by nearshore wave farms using a phase-resolving wave model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 637-648.
    2. Faedo, Nicolás & Peña-Sanchez, Yerai & Pasta, Edoardo & Papini, Guglielmo & Mosquera, Facundo D. & Ferri, Francesco, 2023. "SWELL: An open-access experimental dataset for arrays of wave energy conversion systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 699-716.
    3. Quartier, Nicolas & Vervaet, Timothy & Fernandez, Gael Verao & Domínguez, José M. & Crespo, Alejandro J.C. & Stratigaki, Vasiliki & Troch, Peter, 2024. "High-fidelity numerical modelling of a two-WEC array with accurate implementation of the PTO system and control strategy using DualSPHysics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    4. Carlo Lo Re & Giorgio Manno & Giuseppe Ciraolo & Giovanni Besio, 2019. "Wave Energy Assessment around the Aegadian Islands (Sicily)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, January.
    5. He, Guanghua & Luan, Zhengxiao & Zhang, Wei & He, Runhua & Liu, Chaogang & Yang, Kaibo & Yang, Changhao & Jing, Penglin & Zhang, Zhigang, 2023. "Review on research approaches for multi-point absorber wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    6. Panagiotis Vasarmidis & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2019. "Accurate and Fast Generation of Irregular Short Crested Waves by Using Periodic Boundaries in a Mild-Slope Wave Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, February.
    7. Markos Bonovas & Kostas Belibassakis & Eugen Rusu, 2019. "Multi-DOF WEC Performance in Variable Bathymetry Regions Using a Hybrid 3D BEM and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta & Del Rio-Gamero, Beatriz & Melian-Martel, Noemi & Lis Alecio, Tyrone & González Herrera, Javier, 2020. "Energy supply of a large size desalination plant using wave energy. Practical case: North of Gran Canaria," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    9. Gael Verao Fernández & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2019. "Irregular Wave Validation of a Coupling Methodology for Numerical Modelling of Near and Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
    10. Shadmani, Alireza & Nikoo, Mohammad Reza & Gandomi, Amir H., 2024. "Adaptive systematic optimization of a multi-axis ocean wave energy converter," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    11. Stratigaki, Vasiliki & Troch, Peter & Forehand, David, 2019. "A fundamental coupling methodology for modeling near-field and far-field wave effects of floating structures and wave energy devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1608-1627.
    12. Eugen Rusu & Vengatesan Venugopal, 2019. "Special Issue “Offshore Renewable Energy: Ocean Waves, Tides and Offshore Wind”," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-4, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gael Verao Fernández & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2019. "Irregular Wave Validation of a Coupling Methodology for Numerical Modelling of Near and Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Rijnsdorp, Dirk P. & Hansen, Jeff E. & Lowe, Ryan J., 2020. "Understanding coastal impacts by nearshore wave farms using a phase-resolving wave model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 637-648.
    3. He, Guanghua & Luan, Zhengxiao & Zhang, Wei & He, Runhua & Liu, Chaogang & Yang, Kaibo & Yang, Changhao & Jing, Penglin & Zhang, Zhigang, 2023. "Review on research approaches for multi-point absorber wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    4. Philip Balitsky & Nicolas Quartier & Gael Verao Fernandez & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2018. "Analyzing the Near-Field Effects and the Power Production of an Array of Heaving Cylindrical WECs and OSWECs Using a Coupled Hydrodynamic-PTO Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-32, December.
    5. Faedo, Nicolás & Peña-Sanchez, Yerai & Pasta, Edoardo & Papini, Guglielmo & Mosquera, Facundo D. & Ferri, Francesco, 2023. "SWELL: An open-access experimental dataset for arrays of wave energy conversion systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 699-716.
    6. Philip Balitsky & Gael Verao Fernandez & Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch, 2018. "Assessment of the Power Output of a Two-Array Clustered WEC Farm Using a BEM Solver Coupling and a Wave-Propagation Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Correia da Fonseca, F.X. & Gomes, R.P.F. & Henriques, J.C.C. & Gato, L.M.C. & Falcão, A.F.O., 2016. "Model testing of an oscillating water column spar-buoy wave energy converter isolated and in array: Motions and mooring forces," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1207-1218.
    8. Bozzi, Silvia & Giassi, Marianna & Moreno Miquel, Adrià & Antonini, Alessandro & Bizzozero, Federica & Gruosso, Giambattista & Archetti, Renata & Passoni, Giuseppe, 2017. "Wave energy farm design in real wave climates: the Italian offshore," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 378-389.
    9. Stratigaki, Vasiliki & Troch, Peter & Forehand, David, 2019. "A fundamental coupling methodology for modeling near-field and far-field wave effects of floating structures and wave energy devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1608-1627.
    10. Tim Verbrugghe & Vicky Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Raphael Rabussier & Andreas Kortenhaus, 2017. "A Comparison Study of a Generic Coupling Methodology for Modeling Wake Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-25, October.
    11. Heath, Jason E. & Jensen, Richard P. & Weller, Sam D. & Hardwick, Jon & Roberts, Jesse D. & Johanning, Lars, 2017. "Applicability of geotechnical approaches and constitutive models for foundation analysis of marine renewable energy arrays," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 191-204.
    12. Gomes, Rui P.F. & Gato, Luís M.C. & Henriques, João C.C. & Portillo, Juan C.C. & Howey, Ben D. & Collins, Keri M. & Hann, Martyn R. & Greaves, Deborah M., 2020. "Compact floating wave energy converters arrays: Mooring loads and survivability through scale physical modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    13. López-Ruiz, Alejandro & Bergillos, Rafael J. & Lira-Loarca, Andrea & Ortega-Sánchez, Miguel, 2018. "A methodology for the long-term simulation and uncertainty analysis of the operational lifetime performance of wave energy converter arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 126-135.
    14. Malin Göteman & Cameron McNatt & Marianna Giassi & Jens Engström & Jan Isberg, 2018. "Arrays of Point-Absorbing Wave Energy Converters in Short-Crested Irregular Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-22, April.
    15. Battisti, Beatrice & Giorgi, Giuseppe & Fernandez, Gael Verao, 2024. "Balancing power production and coastal protection: A bi-objective analysis of Wave Energy Converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    16. Malin Göteman & Jens Engström & Mikael Eriksson & Jan Isberg, 2015. "Fast Modeling of Large Wave Energy Farms Using Interaction Distance Cut-Off," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-17, December.
    17. Abanades, J. & Greaves, D. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Coastal defence using wave farms: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 572-582.
    18. López, I. & Castro, A. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating water column wave energy converter by means of particle imaging velocimetry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 89-103.
    19. Qiao Li & Motohiko Murai & Syu Kuwada, 2018. "A Study on Electrical Power for Multiple Linear Wave Energy Converter Considering the Interaction Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    20. Erfan Amini & Danial Golbaz & Fereidoun Amini & Meysam Majidi Nezhad & Mehdi Neshat & Davide Astiaso Garcia, 2020. "A Parametric Study of Wave Energy Converter Layouts in Real Wave Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:2899-:d:178139. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.