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Effects of Building Occupancy on Indicators of Energy Efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Aapo Huovila

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland)

  • Pekka Tuominen

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland)

  • Miimu Airaksinen

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland)

Abstract

The potential to reduce energy consumption in buildings is high. The design phase of the building is very important. In addition, it is vital to understand how to measure the energy efficiency in the building operation phase in order to encourage the right efficiency efforts. In understanding the building energy efficiency, it is important to comprehend the interplay of building occupancy, space efficiency, and energy efficiency. Recent studies found in the literature concerning energy efficiency in office buildings have concentrated heavily on the technical characteristics of the buildings or technical systems. The most commonly used engineering indicator for building energy efficiency is the specific energy consumption (SEC), commonly measured in kWh/m 2 per annum. While the SEC is a sound way to measure the technical properties of a building and to guide its design, it obviously omits the issues of building occupancy and space efficiency. This paper studies existing energy efficiency indicators and introduces a new indicator for building energy efficiency which takes into account both space and occupancy efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Aapo Huovila & Pekka Tuominen & Miimu Airaksinen, 2017. "Effects of Building Occupancy on Indicators of Energy Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:5:p:628-:d:97585
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Jing & Wu, Yong & Zhu, Neng, 2009. "Implementing effect of energy efficiency supervision system for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 2079-2086, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Angel Iturralde Carrera & Andrés Lorenzo Álvarez González & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & José Manuel Álvarez-Alvarado, 2023. "Selection of the Energy Performance Indicator for Hotels Based on ISO 50001: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Aurora Greta Ruggeri & Laura Gabrielli & Massimiliano Scarpa, 2020. "Energy Retrofit in European Building Portfolios: A Review of Five Key Aspects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-38, September.
    3. Cory Mosiman & Gregor Henze & Herbert Els, 2021. "Development and Application of Schema Based Occupant-Centric Building Performance Metrics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Cezar-Petre Simion & Ciprian Nicolescu & Mihai Cioc, 2018. "Selection of Energy Efficiency Projects for Dwelling Stock to Achieve Optimal Project Portfolio at the Regional Level by Applying LCC. An Analysis Based on Three Scenarios in the South-Muntenia Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Jakob Carlander & Bahram Moshfegh & Jan Akander & Fredrik Karlsson, 2020. "Effects on Energy Demand in an Office Building Considering Location, Orientation, Façade Design and Internal Heat Gains—A Parametric Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-22, November.

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