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Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Power Distribution Network with a Modified Capacity Allocation Mechanism

Author

Listed:
  • Junjie Hu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Hugo Morais

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Knowledge Engineering and Decision Support Research Center (GECAD), Institute of Engineering—Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal)

  • Tiago Sousa

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Knowledge Engineering and Decision Support Research Center (GECAD), Institute of Engineering—Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal)

  • Shi You

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Reinhilde D’hulst

    (Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boerentang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium)

Abstract

The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) represents an operational challenge to system operators, mainly at the distribution level by introducing congestion and voltage drop problems. To solve these potential problems, a two-level coordination approach is proposed in this study. An aggregation entity, i.e., an EV virtual power plant (EV-VPP), is used to facilitate the interaction between the distribution system operator (DSO) and EV owners considering the decentralized electricity market structure. In level I, to prevent the line congestion and voltage drop problems, the EV-VPP internally respects the line and voltage constraints when making optimal charging schedules. In level II, to avoid power transformer congestion problems, this paper investigates three different coordination mechanisms, or power transformer capacity allocation mechanisms, between the DSO and the EV-VPPs, considering the case of EVs charging and discharging. The three mechanisms include: (1) a market-based approach; (2) a pro-rata approach; and (3) a newly-proposed constrained market-based approach. A case study considering a 37-bus distribution network and high penetration of electric vehicles is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coordination mechanism, comparing with the existing ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Junjie Hu & Hugo Morais & Tiago Sousa & Shi You & Reinhilde D’hulst, 2017. "Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Power Distribution Network with a Modified Capacity Allocation Mechanism," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:2:p:200-:d:89998
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hu, Junjie & Morais, Hugo & Sousa, Tiago & Lind, Morten, 2016. "Electric vehicle fleet management in smart grids: A review of services, optimization and control aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1207-1226.
    2. Azadfar, Elham & Sreeram, Victor & Harries, David, 2015. "The investigation of the major factors influencing plug-in electric vehicle driving patterns and charging behaviour," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1065-1076.
    3. João Soares & Bruno Canizes & Cristina Lobo & Zita Vale & Hugo Morais, 2012. "Electric Vehicle Scenario Simulator Tool for Smart Grid Operators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(6), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Jun Yang & Jiejun Chen & Lei Chen & Feng Wang & Peiyuan Xie & Cilin Zeng, 2016. "A Regional Time-of-Use Electricity Price Based Optimal Charging Strategy for Electrical Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-18, August.
    5. Palizban, Omid & Kauhaniemi, Kimmo & Guerrero, Josep M., 2014. "Microgrids in active network management—Part I: Hierarchical control, energy storage, virtual power plants, and market participation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 428-439.
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    Cited by:

    1. Heilmann, Christoph & Wozabal, David, 2021. "How much smart charging is smart?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).

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