IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v5y2017i2p14-d97287.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fréchet Distribution Applied to Salary Incomes in Spain from 1999 to 2014. An Engineering Approach to Changes in Salaries’ Distribution

Author

Listed:
  • Santiago Pindado

    (Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad “Ignacio Da Riva” (IDR/UPM), ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. del Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Carlos Pindado

    (Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Colegiado n° 13177, Almagro 42 - 1 a Planta, 28010 Madrid, Spain)

  • Javier Cubas

    (Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad “Ignacio Da Riva” (IDR/UPM), ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. del Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The official data in relation to salaries paid in Spain from 1999 to 2014 has been analyzed. The inadequate data format does not reflect the whole salary distribution. Fréchet distributions have been fitted to the data. This simple distribution has similar accuracy in relation to the data when compared to other distributions (Log-Normal, Gamma, Dagum, GB2). Analysis of the data through the fitted Fréchet distributions reveals a tendency towards more balanced (i.e., less skewed) salary distributions from 2002 to 2014 in Spain.

Suggested Citation

  • Santiago Pindado & Carlos Pindado & Javier Cubas, 2017. "Fréchet Distribution Applied to Salary Incomes in Spain from 1999 to 2014. An Engineering Approach to Changes in Salaries’ Distribution," Economies, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:5:y:2017:i:2:p:14-:d:97287
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/5/2/14/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/5/2/14/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Banerjee, Anand & Yakovenko, Victor M. & Di Matteo, T., 2006. "A study of the personal income distribution in Australia," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 370(1), pages 54-59.
    2. Josep Pijoan-Mas & Virginia Sanchez-Marcos, 2010. "Spain is Different: Falling Trends of Inequality," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 13(1), pages 154-178, January.
    3. Sohn, Alexander & Klein, Nadja & Kneib, Thomas, 2014. "A new semiparametric approach to analysing conditional income distributions," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 192, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    4. Ekaterina Selezneva & Philippe Van Kerm, 2016. "A distribution-sensitive examination of the gender wage gap in Germany," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 14(1), pages 21-40, March.
    5. Christian Kleiber, 2008. "A Guide to the Dagum Distributions," Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion, and Well-Being, in: Duangkamon Chotikapanich (ed.), Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves, chapter 6, pages 97-117, Springer.
    6. Abul Kalam Azad & Mohammad Golam Rasul & Talal Yusaf, 2014. "Statistical Diagnosis of the Best Weibull Methods for Wind Power Assessment for Agricultural Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-30, May.
    7. Benoit Mandelbrot, 1962. "Paretian Distributions and Income Maximization," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 76(1), pages 57-85.
    8. Jagielski, Maciej & Kutner, Ryszard, 2013. "Modelling of income distribution in the European Union with the Fokker–Planck equation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(9), pages 2130-2138.
    9. Lun, Isaac Y.F & Lam, Joseph C, 2000. "A study of Weibull parameters using long-term wind observations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 145-153.
    10. Duangkamon Chotikapanich & D. S. Prasada Rao & Kam Ki Tang, 2007. "Estimating Income Inequality In China Using Grouped Data And The Generalized Beta Distribution," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 53(1), pages 127-147, March.
    11. José Mata & José A. F. Machado, 2005. "Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(4), pages 445-465.
    12. Asplund, Rita & Barth, Erling (ed.), . "Education and Wage Inequality in Europe. A Literature Review," ETLA B, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 212, June.
    13. Alexander Sohn & Nadja Klein & Thomas Kneib, 2015. "A Semiparametric Analysis of Conditional Income Distributions," Schmollers Jahrbuch : Journal of Applied Social Science Studies / Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 135(1), pages 13-22.
    14. Anthony B Atkinson & François Bourguignon, 2014. "Handbook of Income Distribution," Post-Print halshs-02923231, HAL.
    15. McDonald, James B & Ransom, Michael R, 1979. "Functional Forms, Estimation Techniques and the Distribution of Income," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(6), pages 1513-1525, November.
    16. Melanie Krause, 2014. "Parametric Lorenz Curves and the Modality of the Income Density Function," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(4), pages 905-929, December.
    17. Javier Cubas & Santiago Pindado & Carlos De Manuel, 2014. "Explicit Expressions for Solar Panel Equivalent Circuit Parameters Based on Analytical Formulation and the Lambert W-Function," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-18, June.
    18. Juan Mora & Antonia Febrer, 2005. "Wage Distribution In Spain, 1994-1999: An Application Of A Flexible Estimator Of Conditional Distributions," Working Papers. Serie EC 2005-04, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
    19. James B. McDonald & Michael Ransom, 2008. "The Generalized Beta Distribution as a Model for the Distribution of Income: Estimation of Related Measures of Inequality," Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion, and Well-Being, in: Duangkamon Chotikapanich (ed.), Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves, chapter 8, pages 147-166, Springer.
    20. Raquel Carrasco & Juan F. Jimeno & A. Carolina Ortega, 2015. "Returns to Skills and the Distribution of Wages: Spain 1995–2010," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 77(4), pages 542-565, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gonzalez-Eiras, Martín & Sanz, Carlos, 2021. "Women’s representation in politics: The effect of electoral systems," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vladimir Hlasny, 2021. "Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 1217-1256, September.
    2. Kazuhiko Kakamu & Haruhisa Nishino, 2019. "Bayesian Estimation of Beta-type Distribution Parameters Based on Grouped Data," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 54(2), pages 625-645, August.
    3. David Warner & Prasada Rao & William E. Griffiths & Duangkamon Chotikapanich, 2011. "Global Inequality: Levels and Trends, 1993-2005," Discussion Papers Series 436, School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia.
    4. Walter, Paul & Weimer, Katja, 2018. "Estimating poverty and inequality indicators using interval censored income data from the German microcensus," Discussion Papers 2018/10, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    5. Maike Hohberg & Katja Landau & Thomas Kneib & Stephan Klasen & Walter Zucchini, 2018. "Vulnerability to poverty revisited: Flexible modeling and better predictive performance," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 16(3), pages 439-454, September.
    6. Kazuhiko Kakamu & Haruhisa Nishino, 2016. "Bayesian Estimation Of Beta-Type Distribution Parameters Based On Grouped Data," Discussion Papers 2016-08, Kobe University, Graduate School of Business Administration.
    7. Aitor Lacuesta & Mario Izquierdo, 2012. "The contribution of changes in employment composition and relative returns to the evolution of wage inequality: the case of Spain," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 25(2), pages 511-543, January.
    8. Männasoo, Kadri, 2022. "Working hours and gender wage differentials: Evidence from the American Working Conditions Survey," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    9. Vanesa Jorda & Jos Mar a Sarabia & Markus J ntti, 2020. "Estimation of Income Inequality from Grouped Data," LIS Working papers 804, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    10. Dongbum Kang & Kyungnam Ko & Jongchul Huh, 2018. "Comparative Study of Different Methods for Estimating Weibull Parameters: A Case Study on Jeju Island, South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, February.
    11. Martin Feldkircher & Kazuhiko Kakamu, 2022. "How does monetary policy affect income inequality in Japan? Evidence from grouped data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(5), pages 2307-2327, May.
    12. Melanie Krause, 2014. "Parametric Lorenz Curves and the Modality of the Income Density Function," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(4), pages 905-929, December.
    13. Alexander Sohn, 2015. "Beyond Conventional Wage Discrimination Analysis: Assessing Comprehensive Wage Distributions of Males and Females Using Structured Additive Distributional Regression," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 802, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    14. Aitor Lacuesta & Sergio Puente & Pilar Cuadrado, 2009. "Omitted variables in the measure of a labour quality index: the case of Spain," Working Papers 0835, Banco de España.
    15. Yong Tao & Xiangjun Wu & Tao Zhou & Weibo Yan & Yanyuxiang Huang & Han Yu & Benedict Mondal & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2019. "Exponential structure of income inequality: evidence from 67 countries," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 14(2), pages 345-376, June.
    16. Kazuhiko Kakamu, 2016. "Simulation Studies Comparing Dagum and Singh–Maddala Income Distributions," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 48(4), pages 593-605, December.
    17. Alberto Arcagni & Francesco Porro, 2013. "On the parameters of Zenga distribution," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 22(3), pages 285-303, August.
    18. Alexander Sohn & Nadja Klein & Thomas Kneib, 2014. "A New Semiparametric Approach to Analysing Conditional Income Distributions," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 676, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    19. Jin, Hailong & Qian, Hang & Wang, Tong & Choi, E. Kwan, 2014. "Income distribution in urban China: An overlooked data inconsistency issue," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 383-396.
    20. Gholamreza Hajargsht & William E. Griffiths & Joseph Brice & D.S. Prasada Rao & Duangkamon Chotikapanich, 2011. "GMM Estimation of Income Distributions from Grouped Data," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 1129, The University of Melbourne.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:5:y:2017:i:2:p:14-:d:97287. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.