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The Determinants of the Concentration of Superstar Firms: Cluster Analysis and Its Relationship with Economic Development and Artificial Intelligence

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  • José Luis Gracia Bustelo

    (Department of Economics and Business, ESERP Business and Law School, Universitat Central de Catalunya, 08010 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Albert Miró Pérez

    (Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Harold Meruvia Torrez

    (Marketing, Communication and Sales Department, EAE Business School, 08015 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

This study analysed the determining factors of the concentration of “superstar firms” in specific economies, with a focus on the interaction between technological innovation, economic development, and market structures. Using global data from Statista on superstar firms for the year 2022, statistical methods such as correlation analysis, an ANOVA, and cluster analysis were applied to identify patterns and relationships between variables like the GDP, market capitalization, and the development of artificial intelligence (AI). The analysis in this paper revealed significant positive correlations between the number of superstar firms and key economic indicators such as the GDP and market capitalization, suggesting that these firms drive economic growth and technological advancement. The cluster analysis identified groupings of countries based on their technological capabilities and economic performance, highlighting that a great number of these firms are concentrated in advanced economies. This work emphasizes the importance of technological infrastructure, innovation policies, and regulatory frameworks in promoting competitive environments for superstar firms. Additionally, it addresses the socioeconomic implications, including challenges related to wealth concentration, inequality, and the transformation of the labour market. Public policies are recommended to foster inclusive innovation, STEM education, and international governance to balance global competitiveness with equitable economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • José Luis Gracia Bustelo & Albert Miró Pérez & Harold Meruvia Torrez, 2025. "The Determinants of the Concentration of Superstar Firms: Cluster Analysis and Its Relationship with Economic Development and Artificial Intelligence," Economies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:13:y:2025:i:2:p:52-:d:1591771
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Daron Acemoglu & Pascual Restrepo, 2018. "Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Work," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda, pages 197-236, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. David Autor & David Dorn & Lawrence F Katz & Christina Patterson & John Van Reenen, 2020. "The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms [“Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor”]," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(2), pages 645-709.
    4. Daron Acemoglu & Pascual Restrepo, 2018. "Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work," Boston University - Department of Economics - Working Papers Series dp-298, Boston University - Department of Economics.
    5. Amiti, Mary & Duprez, Cédric & Konings, Jozef & Van Reenen, John, 2024. "FDI and superstar spillovers: Evidence from firm-to-firm transactions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    6. Jan De Loecker & Jan Eeckhout & Gabriel Unger, 2020. "The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications [“Econometric Tools for Analyzing Market Outcomes”]," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(2), pages 561-644.
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