IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jdataj/v8y2023i8p134-d1220749.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Quantifying Webpage Performance: A Comparative Analysis of TCP/IP and QUIC Communication Protocols for Improved Efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Thyago Celso Cavalcante Nepomuceno

    (Department of Statistics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235—Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-902, Brazil
    Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy)

  • Késsia Thais Cavalcanti Nepomuceno

    (Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235—Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-902, Brazil)

  • Fabiano Carlos da Silva

    (Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235—Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-902, Brazil)

  • Silas Garrido Teixeira de Carvalho Santos

    (Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235—Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-902, Brazil)

Abstract

Browsing is a prevalent activity on the World Wide Web, and users usually demonstrate significant expectations for expeditious information retrieval and seamless transactions. This article presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of the most frequently accessed webpages in recent years using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) adapted to the context (inverse DEA), comparing their performance under two distinct communication protocols: TCP/IP and QUIC. To assess performance disparities, parametric and non-parametric hypothesis tests are employed to investigate the appropriateness of each website’s communication protocols. We provide data on the inputs, outputs, and efficiency scores for 82 out of the world’s top 100 most-accessed websites, describing how experiments and analyses were conducted. The evaluation yields quantitative metrics pertaining to the technical efficiency of the websites and efficient benchmarks for best practices. Nine websites are considered efficient from the point of view of at least one of the communication protocols. Considering TCP/IP, about 80.5% of all units (66 webpages) need to reduce more than 50% of their page load time to be competitive, while this number is 28.05% (23 webpages), considering QUIC communication protocol. In addition, results suggest that TCP/IP protocol has an unfavorable effect on the overall distribution of inefficiencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Thyago Celso Cavalcante Nepomuceno & Késsia Thais Cavalcanti Nepomuceno & Fabiano Carlos da Silva & Silas Garrido Teixeira de Carvalho Santos, 2023. "Quantifying Webpage Performance: A Comparative Analysis of TCP/IP and QUIC Communication Protocols for Improved Efficiency," Data, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:8:y:2023:i:8:p:134-:d:1220749
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/8/134/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/8/134/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guang-Qian Peng & Guangtao Xue & Yi-Chao Chen, 2018. "Network Measurement and Performance Analysis at Server Side," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Cinzia Daraio & Léopold Simar & Paul W. Wilson, 2018. "Central limit theorems for conditional efficiency measures and tests of the ‘separability’ condition in non‐parametric, two‐stage models of production," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 21(2), pages 170-191, June.
    3. Daraio, Cinzia & Simar, Leopold & Wilson, Paul, 2018. "Central limit theorems for conditional efficiency measures and tests of the ‘separability’ condition in non-parametric, two-stage models of production," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2018023, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    4. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    5. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Golany, B. & Seiford, L. & Stutz, J., 1985. "Foundations of data envelopment analysis for Pareto-Koopmans efficient empirical production functions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1-2), pages 91-107.
    6. Gonzalo Olmedo & Román Lara-Cueva & Diego Martínez & Celso de Almeida, 2020. "Performance Analysis of a Novel TCP Protocol Algorithm Adapted to Wireless Networks," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, June.
    7. Samer Jaloudi, 2019. "Communication Protocols of an Industrial Internet of Things Environment: A Comparative Study," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Nalavala Ramanjaneya Reddy & Pakanati Chenna Reddy & Mokkala Padmavathamma, 2017. "Efficient Traffic Engineering Strategies for Improving the Performance of TCP Friendly Rate Control Protocol," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-12, November.
    9. Fare, Rolf & Knox Lovell, C. A., 1978. "Measuring the technical efficiency of production," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 150-162, October.
    10. Thyago C. C. Nepomuceno & Cinzia Daraio & Ana Paula C. S. Costa, 2021. "Multicriteria Ranking for the Efficient and Effective Assessment of Police Departments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    11. Thyago Celso Cavalcante Nepomuceno & Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa & Cinzia Daraio, 2023. "Theoretical and empirical advances in the assessment of productive efficiency since the introduction of DEA: a bibliometric analysis," International Journal of Operational Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 46(4), pages 505-549.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ioannis E. Tsolas, 2020. "Financial Performance Assessment of Construction Firms by Means of RAM-Based Composite Indicators," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Cherchye, L. & Post, G.T., 2001. "Methodological Advances in Dea," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2001-53-F&A, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    3. Caitlin O’Loughlin & Léopold Simar & Paul W. Wilson, 2023. "Methodologies for assessing government efficiency," Chapters, in: António Afonso & João Tovar Jalles & Ana Venâncio (ed.), Handbook on Public Sector Efficiency, chapter 4, pages 72-101, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Nguyen, Bao Hoang & Simar, Léopold & Zelenyuk, Valentin, 2022. "Data sharpening for improving central limit theorem approximations for data envelopment analysis–type efficiency estimators," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 303(3), pages 1469-1480.
    5. Forsund, Finn R. & Sarafoglou, Nikias, 2005. "The tale of two research communities: The diffusion of research on productive efficiency," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 17-40, October.
    6. Reinhard Madlener & Carlos Henggeler Antunes & Luis C. Dias, 2006. "Multi-Criteria versus Data Envelopment Analysis for Assessing the Performance of Biogas Plants," CEPE Working paper series 06-49, CEPE Center for Energy Policy and Economics, ETH Zurich.
    7. Léopold Simar & Valentin Zelenyuk & Shirong Zhao, 2023. "Further improvements of finite sample approximation of central limit theorems for envelopment estimators," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 189-194, April.
    8. Aparicio, Juan & Kapelko, Magdalena, 2019. "Accounting for slacks to measure dynamic inefficiency in data envelopment analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 278(2), pages 463-471.
    9. Benito, Bernardino & Guillamón, María-Dolores & Martínez-Córdoba, Pedro-José, 2020. "Determinants of efficiency improvement in the Spanish public lighting sector," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    10. Tone, Kaoru, 2001. "A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(3), pages 498-509, May.
    11. De la Cruz, Marco & Mergoni, Anna, 2024. "Assessing the performance of Peruvian education system from a governance perspective," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    12. Chia-Nan Wang & Jen-Der Day & Nguyen Thi Kim Lien & Luu Quoc Chien, 2018. "Integrating the Additive Seasonal Model and Super-SBM Model to Compute the Efficiency of Port Logistics Companies in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    13. Maria Silva Portela & Pedro Borges & Emmanuel Thanassoulis, 2003. "Finding Closest Targets in Non-Oriented DEA Models: The Case of Convex and Non-Convex Technologies," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 251-269, April.
    14. Cinzia Daraio & Léopold Simar & Paul W. Wilson, 2020. "Fast and efficient computation of directional distance estimators," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 288(2), pages 805-835, May.
    15. Yung-ho Chiu & Chin-wei Huang & Chung-te Ting, 2012. "A non-radial measure of different systems for Taiwanese tourist hotels’ efficiency assessment," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 20(1), pages 45-63, March.
    16. Simar, Léopold & Zelenyuk, Valentin & Zhao, Shirong, 2024. "Inference for aggregate efficiency: Theory and guidelines for practitioners," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 316(1), pages 240-254.
    17. Christopher F. Parmeter & Valentin Zelenyuk, 2019. "Combining the Virtues of Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analysis," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 67(6), pages 1628-1658, November.
    18. W. Liu & W. Meng & X. Li & D. Zhang, 2010. "DEA models with undesirable inputs and outputs," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 173(1), pages 177-194, January.
    19. Kao, Chiang, 2022. "Closest targets in the slacks-based measure of efficiency for production units with multi-period data," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 297(3), pages 1042-1054.
    20. Yossi Hadad & Lea Friedman & Victoria Rybalkin & Zilla Sinuany-Stern, 2013. "The relationship between DEA efficiency and the type of production function, the degree of homogeneity, and error variability," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 21(3), pages 595-607, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:8:y:2023:i:8:p:134-:d:1220749. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.