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Communication Protocols of an Industrial Internet of Things Environment: A Comparative Study

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  • Samer Jaloudi

    (Department of Information and Communication Technology, Al Quds Open University, Nablus 00407, West Bank, Palestine)

Abstract

Most industrial and SCADA-like (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems use proprietary communication protocols, and hence interoperability is not fulfilled. However, the MODBUS TCP is an open de facto standard, and is used for some automation and telecontrol systems. It is based on a polling mechanism and follows the synchronous request–response pattern, as opposed to the asynchronous publish–subscribe pattern. In this study, polling-based and event-based protocols are investigated to realize an open and interoperable Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Many Internet of Things (IoT) protocols are introduced and compared, and the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is chosen as the event-based, publish–subscribe protocol. The study shows that MODBUS defines an optimized message structure in the application layer, which is dedicated to industrial applications. In addition, it shows that an event-oriented IoT protocol complements the MODBUS TCP but cannot replace it. Therefore, two scenarios are proposed to build the IIoT environment. The first scenario is to consider the MODBUS TCP as an IoT protocol, and build the environment using the MODBUS TCP on a standalone basis. The second scenario is to use MQTT in conjunction with the MODBUS TCP. The first scenario is efficient and complies with most industrial applications where the request–response pattern is needed only. If the publish–subscribe pattern is needed, the MQTT in the second scenario complements the MODBUS TCP and eliminates the need for a gateway; however, MQTT lacks interoperability. To maintain a homogeneous message structure for the entire environment, industrial data are organized using the structure of MODBUS messages, formatted in the UTF-8, and then transferred in the payload of an MQTT publish message. The open and interoperable environment can be used for Internet SCADA, Internet-based monitoring, and industrial control systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Samer Jaloudi, 2019. "Communication Protocols of an Industrial Internet of Things Environment: A Comparative Study," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:66-:d:211867
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oecd, 2018. "IoT measurement and applications," OECD Digital Economy Papers 271, OECD Publishing.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marwane Ayaida & Nadhir Messai & Frederic Valentin & Dimitri Marcheras, 2022. "TalkRoBots: A Middleware for Robotic Systems in Industry 4.0," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Thyago Celso Cavalcante Nepomuceno & Késsia Thais Cavalcanti Nepomuceno & Fabiano Carlos da Silva & Silas Garrido Teixeira de Carvalho Santos, 2023. "Quantifying Webpage Performance: A Comparative Analysis of TCP/IP and QUIC Communication Protocols for Improved Efficiency," Data, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Tariq Ahamed Ahanger & Abdulaziz Aldaej & Mohammed Atiquzzaman & Imdad Ullah & Muhammad Yousufudin, 2022. "Federated Learning-Inspired Technique for Attack Classification in IoT Networks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, June.
    4. SungKu Kang & Ran Jin & Xinwei Deng & Ron S. Kenett, 2023. "Challenges of modeling and analysis in cybermanufacturing: a review from a machine learning and computation perspective," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 415-428, February.
    5. Cheng Qian & Xing Liu & Colin Ripley & Mian Qian & Fan Liang & Wei Yu, 2022. "Digital Twin—Cyber Replica of Physical Things: Architecture, Applications and Future Research Directions," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-25, February.

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