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Unveiling a New Perspective on Cadmium-Induced Hormesis in Soil Enzyme Activity: The Relative Importance of Enzymatic Reaction Kinetics and Microbial Communities

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  • Junyang Wu

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou 213032, China
    Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Zhongwei Wu

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze 223100, China)

  • Evgenios Agathokleous

    (Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Yongli Zhu

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze 223100, China)

  • Diwu Fan

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze 223100, China)

  • Jiangang Han

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou 213032, China
    Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
    National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze 223100, China)

Abstract

Hormesis in soil enzymes is well-established, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this novel study, we investigated the effects of low-dose Cd exposure (0, 0.03, 0.3, 3, and 30 mg·kg −1 ) in farmland soil within a typical constructed wetland environment. We assessed the activities of four soil enzymes (urease (URE), denitrification enzyme (DEA), dehydrogenase (DHA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) at varying exposure durations (0 h, 24 h, and 48 h), evaluating hormetic characteristics across these time intervals. Additionally, we determined kinetic parameters, specifically the Michaelis constant ( K m ) and maximum reaction velocity ( V max ), for these enzymes while examining potential alterations in microbial community structure. Our findings revealed hormesis in all four soil enzymes at 24 h of exposure, with varying stimulus width and maximum hormesis rates. Interestingly, heavy metals did not significantly influence the diversity of soil microbial communities, but they did inhibit the ability of soil microbial communities to secrete extracellular enzymes. This resulted in a reduction in the soil enzyme pool and a consequential shift in overall soil enzyme activities. The conclusion of this study is that low-dose Cd primarily reduced extracellular enzyme secretion by soil microorganisms, leading to a reduction in the size of the soil enzyme pool and thereby inducing hormesis in soil enzyme activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Junyang Wu & Zhongwei Wu & Evgenios Agathokleous & Yongli Zhu & Diwu Fan & Jiangang Han, 2024. "Unveiling a New Perspective on Cadmium-Induced Hormesis in Soil Enzyme Activity: The Relative Importance of Enzymatic Reaction Kinetics and Microbial Communities," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:6:p:904-:d:1410743
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward J Calabrese & Linda A Baldwin, 2003. "Toxicology rethinks its central belief," Nature, Nature, vol. 421(6924), pages 691-692, February.
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