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Improvement of Transplanting Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Increasing Planting Density in Northeast China Under the Optimal Nitrogen Split-Fertilizer Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Zichen Liu

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Wanchun Li

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Shujuan Geng

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Rui Zhang

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Man Dou

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Meikang Wu

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Liangdong Li

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Dongchao Wang

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Xiaoshuang Wei

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Ping Tian

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Meiying Yang

    (College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Zhihai Wu

    (Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
    College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
    Jilin Province Green and High Quality Japonica Rice Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Lei Wu

    (College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

Abstract

There are few studies on how nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and transplanting densities impact rice yield, root distribution, and N use efficiency in the cold regions of Northeast China. This research involved a two-year field trial utilizing Jinongda 667 as the material. In 2021, three N split-fertilizer applications—T1 (6:3:1), T2 (5:3:2), T3 (4:3:3)—and two transplanting densities—D1 (30 cm × 13.3 cm) and D2 (30 cm × 20 cm)—were compared with the conventional cultivation mode (T0: 175 kg N hm −2 , 6:3:1), whereby the N application mode most suitable for increasing density was explored. In 2022, four N application levels—0 (N0), 125 (N1), 150 (N2), and 175 (N3) kg N hm −2 —were assessed under the same density treatment to analyze the yield, resource utilization efficiency, and root traits of Jinongda 667. The results indicated that when the transplanting density was 30 cm × 13.3 cm, the application of 5:3:2 fertilizer was more conducive to improving rice yield. Increasing planting density under reduced N input significantly enhanced both rice yield and N use efficiency. In contrast to the conventional cultivation method (D2N3), the treatment of increased planting density (D1N2) under reduced N input led to a 21.2% rise in the number of panicles per square meter and an 8.6% boost in rice yield. Furthermore, increasing planting density under reduced N input significantly enhanced the agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, the apparent utilization rate, and the N harvest index. It also boosted the SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, and the utilization efficiency of light and N resources in rice. However, it was noted that root enzyme activity decreased. This study demonstrated that increasing planting density, combined with the N application mode of 5:3:2 and an N application rate of 150 kg hm −2 , maximized resource utilization efficiency, optimized root absorption capacity, and resulted in higher yields.

Suggested Citation

  • Zichen Liu & Wanchun Li & Shujuan Geng & Rui Zhang & Man Dou & Meikang Wu & Liangdong Li & Dongchao Wang & Xiaoshuang Wei & Ping Tian & Meiying Yang & Zhihai Wu & Lei Wu, 2024. "Improvement of Transplanting Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Increasing Planting Density in Northeast China Under the Optimal Nitrogen Split-Fertilizer Applications," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:11:p:2015-:d:1517205
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Siyuan Cai & Xu Zhao & Cameron M. Pittelkow & Mingsheng Fan & Xin Zhang & Xiaoyuan Yan, 2023. "Optimal nitrogen rate strategy for sustainable rice production in China," Nature, Nature, vol. 615(7950), pages 73-79, March.
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