Potential of Underutilized Grain Crops in the Western Mountains of Nepal for Food and Nutrient Security

Malnutrition, hunger, and rural poverty in Nepal are prevalent issues that have been exacerbated by the negative impacts of climate change on crop production. To create a more sustainable and resilient food system, it is crucial to explore alternative options beyond the small number of input-intensive crops that the country currently relies on. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of six underutilized food crops—amaranth, buckwheat, finger millet, foxtail millet, naked barley, and proso millet—in four mountainous districts of the Karnali province, Nepal. Using several approaches that included a literature review, key informant surveys, focus group discussions, and direct observations, we explored the production and utilization aspects of these crops, as well as their potential for improving nutrition and food security. Our findings indicate that these underutilized crops continue to be a vital element of the diets of people residing in Karnali and play an important role in their livelihoods. This study also highlights the diversity and potential of these underutilized crop landraces, and their significance in addressing nutrition and food insecurity, as well as in improving livelihoods in regions with marginal lands and inadequate food supply. Thus, promoting the cultivation and consumption of underutilized crops can create a more sustainable and diverse food system that is resilient to climate change. However, further investigation is needed to fully understand the socioeconomic importance and other potential benefits of these crops.