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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Salt Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Improving Physiological and Biochemical Indices

Author

Listed:
  • Abhishek Singh

    (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Rakesh Singh Sengar

    (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Vishnu D. Rajput

    (Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia)

  • Tatiana Minkina

    (Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia)

  • Rupesh Kumar Singh

    (Department of Protection of Specific Crops, InnovPlantProtect Collaborative Laboratory, Estrada de Gil Vaz, Apartado 72, 7350-999 Elvas, Portugal
    Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

Abstract

Understanding the salinity stress mechanisms is essential for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. Salinity is prepotent abiotic stress compared with other abiotic stresses that decrease crop growth and development, reducing crop production and creating food security-related threats. Therefore, the input of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can improve salt tolerance in crop plants, especially in the early stage of growth. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of ZnO-NPs on inducing salt tolerance in two rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of seedlings. An undocumented rice landrace (Kargi) and salinity tolerance basmati rice (CSR 30) seeds were grown in a hydroponic system for two weeks with and without 50 mg/L concentrations of ZnO-NPs in various doses of NaCl (0, 60, 80, and 100 mM). Both Kargi (15.95–42.49%) and CSR 30 (15.34–33.12%) genotypes showed a reduction in plant height and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll), Zn content, and K + uptake under stress condition, compared with control seedlings. On the other hand, stress upregulated proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na + content, and antioxidant enzyme activities—namely, those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR)—in both O. sativa genotypes over the control. However, ZnO-NP-treated genotypes (Kargi and CSR 30) restored the photosynthetic pigment accumulation and K + level, reforming the stomata and trichome morphology, and also increased antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, CAT, and GR activity, which alleviated the oxidative stress, while reducing the level of MDA, proline, and H 2 O 2 under stress condition. The present findings suggest that adding ZnO-NPs could mitigate the salinity stress in O. sativa by upregulating the antioxidative system and enhancing the cultivation of undocumented landrace (Kargi) and basmati (CSR 30) genotypes of O. sativa in salinity-affected areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Abhishek Singh & Rakesh Singh Sengar & Vishnu D. Rajput & Tatiana Minkina & Rupesh Kumar Singh, 2022. "Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Salt Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Improving Physiological and Biochemical Indices," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:7:p:1014-:d:861914
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maha Nagy Abdelaziz & Tran Dang Xuan & Ahmad Mohammad M. Mekawy & Hongliang Wang & Tran Dang Khanh, 2018. "Relationship of Salinity Tolerance to Na + Exclusion, Proline Accumulation, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Rice Seedlings," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Humaira Yasmin & Rabia Naz & Asia Nosheen & Muhammad Nadeem Hassan & Noshin Ilyas & Muhammad Sajjad & Seemab Anjum & Xiangkuo Gao & Zhide Geng, 2020. "Identification of New Biocontrol Agent against Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Soybean ( Glycine max L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-24, August.
    3. Haipeng Zhang & Rui Wang & Zhiqing Chen & Peiyuan Cui & Hao Lu & Yanju Yang & Hongcheng Zhang, 2021. "The Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhancing Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Quality," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Jing Pan & Fei Peng & Xian Xue & Quangang You & Wenjuan Zhang & Tao Wang & Cuihua Huang, 2019. "The Growth Promotion of Two Salt-Tolerant Plant Groups with PGPR Inoculation: A Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Alexandre Konate & Xiao He & Zhiyong Zhang & Yuhui Ma & Peng Zhang & Gibson Maswayi Alugongo & Yukui Rui, 2017. "Magnetic (Fe 3 O 4 ) Nanoparticles Reduce Heavy Metals Uptake and Mitigate Their Toxicity in Wheat Seedling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-16, May.
    6. Zeng, Linghe & Shannon, Michael C. & Lesch, Scott M., 2001. "Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield components," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 191-206, June.
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