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Effects of Liming on Soil Properties and Its Roles in Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of the Oil Palm Industry in Malaysia

Author

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  • Md Shawon Mahmud

    (Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universitiy Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia)

  • Khim Phin Chong

    (Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universitiy Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia)

Abstract

As global demand for edible oil increases, palm oil-producing countries in Southeast Asia are experiencing a rapid expansion of agricultural land for industrial oil palm cultivation by converting existing agricultural lands and some tropical rainforests; however, soil acidity and nutrient depletion are two major constraints in oil palm cultivation in the tropics. Several factors may cause soil acidification, including natural processes, industrial pollutants and extensive agricultural production. Soil acidity increases the leaching of many essential plant nutrient elements and the availability of toxic elements by modifying various geochemical and biological reactions in the soil. Even though acidic soil is less fertile, the productivity of tropical soil is among the highest in the world once the chemical constraints are removed by applying a sufficient quantity of lime and fertilizers. Lime is a widely used alkali to improve soil fertility by retaining nutrients, increasing soil biota, decreasing heavy-metal availability and potentially achieving resistance against Ganoderma disease at oil palm estates. Liming materials are not simple compounds with consistent chemical properties; thus, selecting the appropriate lime must be based on soil type and price compared to the products neutralizing value, composition, and fineness. Since the primary aim of liming is to improve soil pH, numerous reviews have been reported on the impacts of soil acidification, nutrient deficiencies and heavy-metal toxicity; however, no extensive review has been published that discusses the effects of liming on oil palm growth and yield. It is not enough to emphasize just soil impacts alone, and a thorough assessment must also be given on crops (oil palm) and soil biodiversity. This review synthesizes current understanding and introduces a holistic approach to provide insights into the far-reaching effects liming has on the biogeochemical properties of tropical soil and oil palm crops.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Shawon Mahmud & Khim Phin Chong, 2022. "Effects of Liming on Soil Properties and Its Roles in Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of the Oil Palm Industry in Malaysia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-14, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:3:p:322-:d:756757
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sanaz Shoghi Kalkhoran & David Pannell & Maksym Polyakov & Ben White & Morteza Chalak Haghighi & Amin William Mugera & Imma Farre, 2021. "A dynamic model of optimal lime application for wheat production in Australia," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 65(2), pages 472-490, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Moses Adah Abua & Anthony Inah Iwara & Violet Bassey Eneyo & Nsikan Anthony Akpan & Anim Obongha Ajake & Saad S. Alarifi & David Gómez-Ortiz & Ahmed M. Eldosouky, 2023. "Runoff, Sediment Loss and the Attenuating Effectiveness of Vegetation Parameters in the Rainforest Zone of Southeastern Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Francisco S. M. Araujo & Andrea G. M. Chacon & Raphael F. Porto & Jaime P. L. Cavalcante & Yi Wai Chiang & Rafael M. Santos, 2024. "Adapting and Verifying the Liming Index for Enhanced Rock Weathering Minerals as an Alternative Liming Approach," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, November.
    3. Soundarya Rajapitamahuni & Bo Ram Kang & Tae Kwon Lee, 2023. "Exploring the Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant–Iron Homeostasis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Romanus Osabohien & Timothy A. Aderemi & Amar Hisham Jaaffar & Emmanuel Oloke & Rowland Bassey & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff & Abayomi Stephen Balogun & Nkiruka E. Ifekwem, 2024. "Electricity Consumption and Food Production in Malaysia: Implication for the Sustainable Development Goal 2," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(3), pages 119-126, May.

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