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Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Alongside Highways and Their Relationship with Landscape

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  • Cong Xu

    (College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Jie Pu

    (College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Bo Wen

    (College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Min Xia

    (College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

Abstract

The agricultural soil alongside highways has experienced multiple potential ecological risks from human activities. In this study, 100 soil samples near the highways were collected in Lishui District, Nanjing City. Using the single-factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index, the study investigated the heavy metal contents and distribution in roadside agricultural soil. PCA and a multiple regression model were applied to quantitatively analyze the spatial relationships between sampling soil heavy metal accumulation and the surrounding man-made landscape. The mean contents of Cu and Pb exceeded the background, while Cd, Cr, and Zn were lower than that. The potential ecological risk index exhibited a very low ecological hazard and only Cr in soils rarely showed moderate risk. Furthermore, quantitative analysis for the sources of contamination revealed that agricultural practices were the dominant contributors to the heavy metals, including Cd, Cu, and Zn, while road and heavy industrial practices contributed to Cr and Pb. The study provides sources of heavy metal pollution from human activities in roadside agricultural land and serves as a reference for ecological restoration.

Suggested Citation

  • Cong Xu & Jie Pu & Bo Wen & Min Xia, 2021. "Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Alongside Highways and Their Relationship with Landscape," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:8:p:800-:d:619497
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abeer Aitta & Hassan El-Ramady & Tarek Alshaal & Ahmed El-Henawy & Mohamed Shams & Nasser Talha & Fathy Elbehiry & Eric C. Brevik, 2019. "Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-25, July.
    2. Josse, Julie & Husson, François, 2012. "Selecting the number of components in principal component analysis using cross-validation approximations," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(6), pages 1869-1879.
    3. Rui Zhao & Kening Wu, 2021. "Soil Health Evaluation of Farmland Based on Functional Soil Management—A Case Study of Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-27, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mustafa Demir & Erdihan Tunç & Sören Thiele-Bruhn & Ömer Çelik & Awet Tekeste Tsegai & Nevzat Aslan & Sevgi Arslan, 2023. "Status, Sources and Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element (PTE) Contamination in Roadside Orchard Soils of Gaziantep (Türkiye)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Liyu Yang & Pan Wu & Wentao Yang, 2022. "Study on Safe Usage of Agricultural Land in Typical Karst Areas Based on Cd in Soil and Maize: A Case Study of Northwestern Guizhou, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, August.

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