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Comparison of Orchard Target-Oriented Spraying Systems Using Photoelectric or Ultrasonic Sensors

Author

Listed:
  • Hanjie Dou

    (College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
    Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
    National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Changyuan Zhai

    (Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
    National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Liping Chen

    (College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
    Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
    National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Xiu Wang

    (Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
    National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China)

  • Wei Zou

    (Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
    National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China)

Abstract

Orchard pesticide off-target deposition and drift cause substantial soil and water pollution, and other environmental pollution. Orchard target-oriented spraying technologies have been used to reduce the deposition and drift caused by off-target spraying and control environmental pollution to within an acceptable range. Two target-oriented spraying systems based on photoelectric sensors or ultrasonic sensors were developed. Three spraying treatments of young cherry trees and adult apple trees were conducted using a commercial sprayer with a photoelectric-based target-oriented spraying system, an ultrasonic-based target-oriented spraying system or no target-oriented spraying system. A rhodamine tracer was used instead of pesticide. Filter papers were fixed in the trees and on the ground. The tracer on the filter papers was washed off to calculate the deposition distribution in the trees and on the ground. The deposition data were used to evaluate the systems and pesticide off-target deposition achieved with orchard target-oriented sprayers. The results showed that the two target-oriented spraying systems greatly reduced the ground deposition compared to that caused by off-target spraying. Compared with that from off-target spraying, the ground deposition from photoelectric-based (trunk-based) and ultrasonic-based (canopy-based) target-oriented spraying decreased by 50.63% and 38.74%, respectively, for the young fruit trees and by 21.66% and 29.87%, respectively, for the adult fruit trees. The trunk-based target-oriented detection method can be considered more suitable for young trees, whereas the canopy-based target-oriented detection method can be considered more suitable for adult trees. The maximum ground deposition occurred 1.5 m from the tree trunk at the back of the tree canopy and was caused by the high airflow at the air outlet of the sprayer. A suitable air speed and air volume at the air outlet of the sprayer can reduce pesticide deposition on the ground.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanjie Dou & Changyuan Zhai & Liping Chen & Xiu Wang & Wei Zou, 2021. "Comparison of Orchard Target-Oriented Spraying Systems Using Photoelectric or Ultrasonic Sensors," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:8:p:753-:d:610597
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Costas Michael & Emilio Gil & Montserrat Gallart & Menelaos C. Stavrinides, 2021. "Evaluation of the Effects of Spray Technology and Volume Rate on the Control of Grape Berry Moth in Mountain Viticulture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Costas Michael & Emilio Gil & Montserrat Gallart & Menelaos C. Stavrinides, 2020. "Influence of Spray Technology and Application Rate on Leaf Deposit and Ground Losses in Mountain Viticulture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chunfeng Zhang & Changyuan Zhai & Meng Zhang & Chi Zhang & Wei Zou & Chunjiang Zhao, 2024. "Staggered-Phase Spray Control: A Method for Eliminating the Inhomogeneity of Deposition in Low-Frequency Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Variable Spray," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Feixiang Yuan & Chenchen Gu & Kechuan Yi & Hanjie Dou & Si Li & Shuo Yang & Wei Zou & Changyuan Zhai, 2023. "Atomization Characteristics of a Hollow Cone Nozzle for Air-Assisted Variable-Rate Spraying," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, October.

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