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Physiological and Phytochemical Responses of Spinach Baby Leaves Grown in a PFAL System with LEDs and Saline Nutrient Solution

Author

Listed:
  • Filippos Bantis

    (Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Mariangela Fotelli

    (Forest Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Greek Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, Vassilika, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Zoran S. Ilić

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština-Kosovska Mitrovica, 38219 Lešak, Serbia)

  • Athanasios Koukounaras

    (Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

Abstract

Spinach is a leafy vegetable containing a plethora of bioactive compounds. Our study aimed to evaluate the physiological (i.e., JIP-test) and phytochemical response of spinach baby leaves grown with regular or mildly saline (40 mM NaCl) nutrient solution and irradiated by four light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with broad spectra. T1 (highest red and far-red, low blue) and T3 (high red, balanced blue, green and far-red) led to a better developed photosynthetic apparatus compared to T2 (red peak in 631 nm) and T4 (highest blue and green), highlighted by PI ABS and its structural components: RC/ABS, φ P0 , ψ E0 , and ΔV IP . Elevated salinity only affected the latter parameter. T1 induced the maximum yield production but also the highest nitrate content which was far below the maximum level permitted by European legislation. Regardless of salinity level, T3 enhanced total phenol, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content. T2 and T4 led to inferior nutritional quality. Non-saline nutrient solution promoted the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and the antioxidant potential, regardless of light treatment. By contrast, soluble sugar content was enhanced by saline nutrient solution. Our study shows that physiology and nutritional quality of spinach baby leaves can be manipulated by small interplays in the light spectra and salinity level.

Suggested Citation

  • Filippos Bantis & Mariangela Fotelli & Zoran S. Ilić & Athanasios Koukounaras, 2020. "Physiological and Phytochemical Responses of Spinach Baby Leaves Grown in a PFAL System with LEDs and Saline Nutrient Solution," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:11:p:574-:d:449745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vahid Gholami & Zabihollah Yousefi & Hosseinali Zabardast Rostami, 2010. "Modeling of Ground Water Salinity on the Caspian Southern Coasts," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(7), pages 1415-1424, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Filippos Bantis & Chrysos Kaponas & Charalambos Charalambous & Athanasios Koukounaras, 2021. "Strategic Successive Harvesting of Rocket and Spinach Baby Leaves Enhanced Their Quality and Production Efficiency," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Antoanela Patras, 2021. "Effects of Development Stage and Sodium Salts on the Antioxidant Properties of White Cabbage Microgreens," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Giorgia Santini & Valeria Memoli & Ermenegilda Vitale & Gabriella Di Natale & Marco Trifuoggi & Giulia Maisto & Lucia Santorufo, 2023. "Metal Release from Microplastics to Soil: Effects on Soil Enzymatic Activities and Spinach Production," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Christos Melissas & Filippos Bantis & Christodoulos Dangitsis & Stefanos Kostas & Athanasios Koukounaras, 2022. "Proposed Light Wavelengths during Healing of Grafted Tomato Seedlings Enhance Their Adaptation to Transplant Shock," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-12, May.
    5. Filippos Bantis & Ioanna Chatzigeorgiou & Michail Sismanis & Georgios K. Ntinas & Athanasios Koukounaras, 2024. "Vegetable Production in PFALs: Control of Micro-Environmental Factors, Principal Components and Automated Systems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, April.

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