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Decompondo a Inflação Implícita

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  • Vicente, José Valentim Machado
  • Graminho, Flávia Mourão

Abstract

A inflação implícita (diferença entre as taxas de juros nominal e real) é o principal indicador do nível futuro de preços. No entanto, a expectativa de inflação é apenas um dos seus componentes. Neste artigo nós apresentamos um modelo econômico simples a fim de decompor a inflação implícita nos seguintes fatores fundamentais: expectativa de inflação, termo de convexidade e prêmios de liquidez e de risco de inflação. Usando dados brasileiros de janeiro de 2006 a setembro de 2013, avaliamos cada um destes termos. As expectativas de inflação são lidas diretamente do Focus, uma pesquisa realizada pelo Banco Central do Brasil. Em nosso modelo, o termo de convexidade ou correção de Jensen é igual à variância da taxa de inflação. Reportamos um termo de convexidade muito pequeno, o que está em consonância com a literatura internacional sobre o assunto. Sua magnitude é de cerca de um ponto base, inferior ao \textit{spread} de compra e venda dos títulos de renda fixa brasileiros. Embora haja uma diferença significativa entre os volumes de negociação de títulos nominais e reais, essa diferença de liquidez não é apreçada (prêmio de liquidez não é significativo). Este resultado, aparentemente contraditório, ocorre porque no Brasil títulos reais são geralmente mantidos até o vencimento. Por isso os investidores não exigem uma recompensa devido a exposição a incerteza de liquidez, o que por sua vez elimina a relevância deste prêmio. Finalmente, nós mostramos que o prêmio de risco de inflação é pequeno para horizontes curtos. Para horizontes longos este prêmio de risco é variável no tempo e relacionado com o consumo e a volatilidade do mercado de ações, em acordo com a teoria econômica.

Suggested Citation

  • Vicente, José Valentim Machado & Graminho, Flávia Mourão, 2015. "Decompondo a Inflação Implícita," Revista Brasileira de Economia - RBE, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil), vol. 69(2), June.
  • Handle: RePEc:fgv:epgrbe:v:69:y:2015:i:2:a:23933
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    References listed on IDEAS

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