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The effect of oil shocks and cyclicality in hiding Indian twin deficits

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  • Ashima Goyal
  • Abhishek Kumar

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to estimate the relationship between the current account (CA) and fiscal deficit (FD), and the real exchange rate for India, for the managed float period 1996 Q2 to 2015 Q4, after controlling for output growth and oil shocks. It also examines the cyclicality of the CA, the size of each shock, and assesses whether aggregate demand, forward-looking smoothing, or supply shocks dominate outcomes. Design/methodology/approach - The authors use several variants of structural vector autoregression (SVAR), implemented with quarterly Indian data, to control for effects of oil prices, and the output cycle, and then see how FD shocks affect the current account deficit (CAD) and the real exchange rate. For robustness, the authors tried different identifications, changed variable definitions, added new variables, or substituted with other variables. The cyclicality issue is addressed by examining the effect of growth shocks. The relative size of each shock is assessed through co-movement decompositions of the forecast errors. Responses to shocks help identify dominant influences on India’s CAD. Findings - The CAD is found to be countercyclical. A FD shock raises the CAD, but high impact growth shocks and large variance oil shocks lead to overall divergence of the deficits. There is some support for the aggregate demand channel, but it is moderated by supply shocks and compositional effects. Consumption is sticky rather than forward-looking. Originality/value - The paper contributes to the literature by including supply shocks, compositional effects, cyclicality, real interest and exchange rate in a theoretically and empirically consistent way for the analysis of twin deficits. The large empirical literature on twin deficits in EMs has not yet done this. There is no study using quarterly data in an SVAR allowing the dynamic relationship between the variables to be explored. The extensions bring in the supply side and compositional effects qualify the working of both the channels, with empirical exercises supporting theoretical predictions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashima Goyal & Abhishek Kumar, 2018. "The effect of oil shocks and cyclicality in hiding Indian twin deficits," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(1), pages 27-45, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jespps:jes-11-2016-0248
    DOI: 10.1108/JES-11-2016-0248
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    Cited by:

    1. Lebrand, Mathilde & Vasishtha, Garima & Yilmazkuday, Hakan, 2024. "Energy price shocks and current account balances: Evidence from emerging market and developing economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    2. Goyal, Ashima, 2018. "The Indian Fiscal-Monetary Framework: Dominance or Coordination?," International Journal of Development and Conflict, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-13.
    3. Nurudeen Abu & Awadh Ahmed Mohammed Gamal, 2020. "An Empirical Investigation of the Twin Deficits Hypothesis in Nigeria: Evidence from Cointegration Techniques," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 14(3), September.
    4. Ashima Goyal, 2018. "Evaluating India’s exchange rate regime under global shocks," Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(3), pages 304-321, September.
    5. Neeraj Nautiyal & Shweta Belwal & Rakesh Belwal, 2023. "Assessment, Interaction and the Transmission Process of Twin deficit Hypothesis: Fresh Evidence from India," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 11(2), pages 269-286, May.
    6. Piotr Bartkiewicz, 2020. "Quantitative Easing: New Normal or Emergency Measure?," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 14(3), September.
    7. Umer Jeelanie Banday & Ranjan Aneja, 2019. "Twin deficit hypothesis and reverse causality: a case study of China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-10, December.
    8. Yusuf D. Bulus & Nnaemeka E. Ohaegbu & Olufunmilayo S. Tajudeen & Chinecherem D. Okoronkwo & Danjuma S. Yusuf, 2023. "Fiscal Deficit Expansion and External Sector Imbalance in Nigeria: Implications for Monetary Policy," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(5), pages 1687-1703, May.
    9. Ashima Goyal, 2018. "The Indian fiscal-monetary framework: Dominance or coordination?," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2018-010, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Growth; Real exchange rate; SVAR; Cyclicality; Oil shocks; Twin deficits;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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