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Understanding drivers of fuel stacking among pay-as-you-go LPG customers in Nairobi, Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Perros, Tash
  • Lisa Allison, Ayse
  • Nabukwangwa, Willah
  • Mwitari, James
  • Kavuli, Patricia
  • Chepkirui, Winnie
  • Rosa, Ghislaine
  • Shupler, Matthew
  • Pope, Daniel
  • Puzzolo, Elisa

Abstract

Fuel stacking perpetuates the negative impacts of polluting fuels and limits the potential of clean cooking transitions. The study aims to identify drivers of fuel stacking amongst customers of a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) LPG product provided by MGas in the greater Nairobi area as a basis for designing interventions that reduce fuel stacking. We developed a quantitative telephonic survey tool (n = 1323) to holistically investigate fuel stacking, which was validated by a smaller number of qualitative semi-structured interviews (n = 18). Both the survey and interview designs were informed by Perros et al.’s 2022 taxonomy of fuel stacking drivers. Results showed that the main driver of fuel stacking was the incompatibility of PAYG LPG with specific cooking processes that were conducted regularly. This was most frequently due to the expense of heating large quantities of water and cooking long-boiling foods with PAYG LPG – tasks that participants reported are better performed by other stoves and fuels. Participants also faced technical and service-related issues with broken equipment, payment delays and incompatible personal cookware that sometimes rendered them unable to use PAYG LPG. We found weak correlation between self-reported stacking and actual PAYG LPG fuel use. These findings show that a single fuel or cooking technology is unlikely to efficiently and consistently meet all a household’s cooking and water heating needs, and that fuel consumption is not solely driven by stacking practices. Clean energy providers should consider incorporating multiple modern energy cooking services comprising of fuel, stoves and compatible cooking utensils (e.g., pots and pans).

Suggested Citation

  • Perros, Tash & Lisa Allison, Ayse & Nabukwangwa, Willah & Mwitari, James & Kavuli, Patricia & Chepkirui, Winnie & Rosa, Ghislaine & Shupler, Matthew & Pope, Daniel & Puzzolo, Elisa, 2024. "Understanding drivers of fuel stacking among pay-as-you-go LPG customers in Nairobi, Kenya," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wodepe:v:35:y:2024:i:c:s2452292924000596
    DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100622
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tash Perros & Ayʂe Lisa Allison & Julia Tomei & Priti Parikh, 2022. "Behavioural factors that drive stacking with traditional cooking fuels using the COM-B model," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(9), pages 886-898, September.
    2. Kumar, Praveen & Kaushalendra Rao, R. & Reddy, N. Hemalatha, 2016. "Sustained uptake of LPG as cleaner cooking fuel in rural India: Role of affordability, accessibility, and awareness," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 4(C), pages 33-37.
    3. Perros, T. & Allison, A.L. & Tomei, J. & Aketch, V. & Parikh, P., 2023. "Cleaning up the stack: Evaluating a clean cooking fuel stacking intervention in urban Kenya," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Susann Stritzke & Carlos Sakyi-Nyarko & Iwona Bisaga & Malcolm Bricknell & Jon Leary & Edward Brown, 2021. "Results-Based Financing (RBF) for Modern Energy Cooking Solutions: An Effective Driver for Innovation and Scale?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-39, July.
    5. Sunil Mani & Abhishek Jain & Saurabh Tripathi & Carlos F. Gould, 2020. "The drivers of sustained use of liquified petroleum gas in India," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 5(6), pages 450-457, June.
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    7. Martin Price & Melinda Barnard-Tallier & Karin Troncoso, 2021. "Stacked: In Their Favour? The Complexities of Fuel Stacking and Cooking Transitions in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Zambia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    8. Shupler, Matthew & Mwitari, James & Gohole, Arthur & Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel & Puzzolo, Elisa & Čukić, Iva & Nix, Emily & Pope, Daniel, 2021. "COVID-19 impacts on household energy & food security in a Kenyan informal settlement: The need for integrated approaches to the SDGs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
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