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FDI and Business Internationalization of the Unorganized Sector: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing

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  • Beladi, Hamid
  • Dutta, Meghna
  • Kar, Saibal

Abstract

Available evidence, though limited to the organized sector only, suggests that FDI flowing in with MNE activities or direct FIIs generate technological and market access spillovers for firms outside the core group in destination countries. We investigate the organizational link between formal and informal sectors in India and argue that the spread of internationalization is more when production outsourcing prevails between such units. Higher wage in the organized sector is a factor that breaks standard institutional barriers leading to outsourcing of production to informal units. The evidence is puzzling to the extent that foreign capital and better know-how as drivers of international business to developing countries usually relax the credit constraint facing formal sector units at the destination and cause expansion of formal units. Using a measure of technology and a panel data for a large number of industrial units in India, we show that FDI transmitted through technology spillover leads to significant increase in the gross value added for several industries located in the informal sector. The paper points out that production re-organization associated with international capital movements should provide additional insights for standard measures of internationalization of production and services.

Suggested Citation

  • Beladi, Hamid & Dutta, Meghna & Kar, Saibal, 2016. "FDI and Business Internationalization of the Unorganized Sector: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 340-349.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:83:y:2016:i:c:p:340-349
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.006
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    2. Colovic, Ana & Misganaw, Bisrat A. & Assefa, Dawit Z., 2022. "Liability of informality and firm participation in global value chains," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(1).
    3. Meghna Dutta & Niladri Sekhar Dhar, 2021. "Property Rights Documentation in Determining Credit Availability for Informal Firms: A Study of Indian Firms," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 19(1), pages 123-138, March.
    4. Ceyhun Elgin & M. ayhan Köse & Franziska Ohnsorge & Shu Yu, 2021. "Growing Apart or Moving Together? Synchronization of Informal and Formal Economy Cycles Abstract:," Working Papers 2021/04, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.
    5. Supratik Guha, 2023. "Does Rising Energy Prices Lead to Production Fragmentation? An Example from Indian Manufacturing Industries," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 24(1), pages 78-100, March.
    6. T. Bhavan, 2023. "The Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment, Informal and Formal Sectors in Sri Lanka," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 24(1), pages 7-19, March.
    7. Sung, Bongsuk & Song, Woo-Yong & Park, Sang-Do, 2018. "How foreign direct investment affects CO2 emission levels in the Chinese manufacturing industry: Evidence from panel data," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 320-331.
    8. Iraklis KOLLIAS & Sugata MARJIT & Nickolas J. MICHELACAKIS, 2019. "Public Investment, Taxation And Transfer Of Technology," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 90(3), pages 441-456, September.
    9. Ceyhun Elgin, 2021. "Foreign direct investment, informality and technology transfer," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 994-1015, May.
    10. Saibal Kar & Sarmistha Banerjee, 2022. "Pollution Abatement and Production Outsourcing in India," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 83-97, March.
    11. Marjit, Sugata & Xu, Xinpeng & Yang, Lei, 2019. "Productivity enhancing trade through local fragmentation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 292-301.
    12. Saibal Kar & Meghna Dutta, 2018. "Outsourcing and Productivity During Economic Crisis: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 17(2), pages 168-182, December.
    13. Doytch, Nadia & Uctum, Merih, 2019. "Spillovers from foreign direct investment in services: Evidence at sub-sectoral level for the Asia-Pacific," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 33-44.
    14. Subhasankar Chattopadhyay, 2019. "The Macroeconomics of Demonetization: Theory and Some Conjectures," South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, , vol. 8(2), pages 118-143, December.

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