IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/wdevel/v141y2021ics0305750x21000073.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

What is the state made of? Coca, roads, and the materiality of state formation in the frontier

Author

Listed:
  • Peñaranda Currie, Isabel
  • Otero-Bahamon, Silvia
  • Uribe, Simón

Abstract

The Peace Accords signed between the Colombian government and Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia argues that one of the central causes of the armed conflict has been the historic state absence or abandonment of the peripheral territories most affected by its violence. It proposes expanding the state to these regions, and posits that certain material conditions – such as the construction of infrastructure – would have a pacifying effect and promote better governance, while others – like the presence of illicit crops – would undermine these goals. These presumptions fail to recognize the multiple and variegated experiences of state formation that have unfolded in the territories. We argue that in these regions, there has been no gradual and linear progression from state absence to state presence, nor has the presence of the state been historically equated with peace. We analyze the process of state-building in the frontier municipality of Cartagena de Chairá between 1978 and 2016, by observing the relations activated and enabled by two material conditions: coca and roads. Combining ethnographic fieldwork, historical revision, interviews and cartography, we show the complex ways through which coca and roads 1) generate the conditions for the emergence of social and political orders 2) are the medium through which they are formed 3) are the product and instantiation of shifts in these orders and processes. This brief material history records the relationship between actors who participate in the complex and non-linear process of state-building in frontiers marked by the armed conflict. Ultimately, we stress that material conditions do impact state-formation, but the peacebuilding efforts must not understand this as a mechanical relationship and must rather inquire about the nature of the articulation and power structures realized through these material conditions, as well as the kind of state they build. In doing so, these materialities can contribute towards constructing a just and enduring peace.

Suggested Citation

  • Peñaranda Currie, Isabel & Otero-Bahamon, Silvia & Uribe, Simón, 2021. "What is the state made of? Coca, roads, and the materiality of state formation in the frontier," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:141:y:2021:i:c:s0305750x21000073
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105395
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21000073
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105395?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mitchell, Timothy, 1991. "The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and their Critics," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 85(1), pages 77-96, March.
    2. Adriana Camacho and Daniel Mejia, 2015. "The Health Consequences of Aerial Spraying of Illicit Crops: The Case of Colombia - Working Paper 408," Working Papers 408, Center for Global Development.
    3. Leonardo Villar & Juan Mauricio Ramírez, 2014. "Infraestructura regional y pobreza rural," Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo 11555, Fedesarrollo.
    4. Richard Kernaghan, 2012. "Furrows and Walls, or the Legal Topography of a Frontier Road in Peru," Mobilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(4), pages 501-520.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Santiago Pérez-Cardona, 2022. "Let the rebels rule? Evidence on the economic effects of rebel governance in Colombia," Documentos CEDE 19941, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    2. Herrera, Joel Salvador & Martinez-Alvarez, Cesar B., 2022. "Diversifying violence: Mining, export-agriculture, and criminal governance in Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    3. Abbey Steele & Michael Weintraub, 2022. "Rebel governance and political participation," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-98, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    4. Sauls, Laura Aileen & Dest, Anthony & McSweeney, Kendra, 2022. "Challenging conventional wisdom on illicit economies and rural development in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anupama Roy, 2022. "Institutional ‘Presence’ and the Indian State: The Long Narrative," Studies in Indian Politics, , vol. 10(2), pages 185-200, December.
    2. Hanna Hilbrandt, 2019. "Everyday urbanism and the everyday state: Negotiating habitat in allotment gardens in Berlin," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(2), pages 352-367, February.
    3. Juan Mauricio Ramirez & Yadira Diaz & Juan Guillermo Bedoya, 2014. "Decentralization in Colombia: Searching for social equity in a bumpy economic geography," Working Papers 337, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    4. Pooja Thomas, 2024. "Redesigning the relationship between heritage and city: Insights from the Gandhi Heritage Portal, Ahmedabad," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(6), pages 1111-1126, May.
    5. Claudia Gastrow, 2020. "Urban States: The Presidency and Planning in Luanda, Angola," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 366-383, March.
    6. Karelys Guzmán-Finol & Ana María Estrada-Jabela, 2016. "Los gobiernos departamentales y la inversión de regalías en Colombia," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 236, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    7. Mason, Michael, 2022. "Infrastructure under pressure: water management and state-making in Southern Iraq," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114909, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Ayesha Siddiqi, 2023. "The Sisyphean cycle of inequitable state production: State, space, and a drainage project in Pakistan," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 41(5), pages 866-883, August.
    9. Camelia Florela Voinea & Martin Neumann & Klaus G. Troitzsch, 2023. "The State and the Citizen: Overview of a complex relationship from a paradigmatic perspective," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Thaler, Gregory M. & Viana, Cecilia & Toni, Fabiano, 2019. "From frontier governance to governance frontier: The political geography of Brazil’s Amazon transition," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 59-72.
    11. Anna-Lena Maier, 2021. "Political corporate social responsibility in authoritarian contexts," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(4), pages 476-495, December.
    12. Yi Jin & Yimin Zhao, 2022. "THE INFORMAL CONSTITUTION OF STATE CENTRALITY: Governing Street Businesses in (Post‐)Pandemic Chengdu, China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(4), pages 631-650, July.
    13. Tréguer, Félix, 2017. "Gaps and bumps in the political history of the internet," Internet Policy Review: Journal on Internet Regulation, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG), Berlin, vol. 6(4), pages 1-21.
    14. Jason Dittmer, 2021. "The state of this: Introduction to the special issue," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 39(7), pages 1313-1318, November.
    15. Fabian Muniesa & Dominique Linhardt, 2009. "At stake with implementation: trials of explicitness in the description of the state," CSI Working Papers Series 015, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation (CSI), Mines ParisTech.
    16. Amy J. Cohen & Jason Jackson, 2022. "Governing through markets: Multinational firms in the bazaar economy," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(2), pages 409-426, April.
    17. Fabian Muniesa & Dominique Linhardt, 2009. "At stake with implementation: trials of explicitness in the description of the state," CSI Working Papers Series 015, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation (CSI), Mines ParisTech.
    18. Alistair Sisson, 2021. "DENIGRATING BY NUMBERS: Quantification, Statistics and Territorial Stigma," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(3), pages 407-422, May.
    19. Juan Mauricio Ramírez & Juan Guillermo Bedoya & Yadira Díaz, 2016. "Geografía económica, descentralización y pobreza multidimensional en Colombia," Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo 14443, Fedesarrollo.
    20. Raúl Castro Rodríguez & Humberto Bernal Castro, 2019. "Concesiones viales de cuarta generación (4G): Una estimación de su impacto económico y social," Revista Economía y Región, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, vol. 13(2), pages 9-56, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:141:y:2021:i:c:s0305750x21000073. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.