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Transport sector in India: an analysis in the context of sustainable development

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  • Ramanathan, R.
  • Parikh, Jyoti K.

Abstract

A brief review of the Indian transport sector in the past few decades is provided in this article. It is shown that the period has witnessed a gradual transformation from rail-dominated transport to road-dominated transport. Infrastructure bottlenecks such as lack of roads and railways network and aircraft are the limiting factors. Emission of local pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) because of fuel consumption in transport were estimated. Future transport performance is projected using cointegrating econometric models. The models project that passenger traffic in India is likely to grow at more than 8% per year and freight traffic at more than 5% per year during the period 1990-2021. This will increase the energy consumption and CO2 emissions at equivalent rates. The effects of various policy options aimed at reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission were analysed using a scenario approach. The scenario analysis shows that efficiency improvements can reduce future energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 26%. If the modal split is promoted in favour of public transport modes (rail and public road transport), about 45% reduction in energy requirements and CO2 emissions is expected.

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  • Ramanathan, R. & Parikh, Jyoti K., 1999. "Transport sector in India: an analysis in the context of sustainable development," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 35-46, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:6:y:1999:i:1:p:35-46
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    5. Zareena Begum Irfan & Divya Jain & Satarupa Rakshit & Ashwin Ram, 2018. "Catalyst Role of Indian Railways in Empowering Economy: Freight or Passenger Segment is on the Fast Track of Expansion or Exploitation?," Working Papers 2018-170, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    6. Bhatia, Vinod & Sharma, Seema, 2024. "Trends and policy analysis: A case for sustainable transport systems in India," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 76-86.
    7. Shankar, Ravi & Pathak, Devendra Kumar & Choudhary, Devendra, 2019. "Decarbonizing freight transportation: An integrated EFA-TISM approach to model enablers of dedicated freight corridors," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 85-100.
    8. Pradhan, Rudra P. & Bagchi, Tapan P., 2013. "Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 139-148.
    9. Baidya, S. & Borken-Kleefeld, J., 2009. "Atmospheric emissions from road transportation in India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 3812-3822, October.
    10. Shafique, Muhammad & Azam, Anam & Rafiq, Muhammad & Luo, Xiaowei, 2021. "Investigating the nexus among transport, economic growth and environmental degradation: Evidence from panel ARDL approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 61-71.
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    12. Achour, Houda & Belloumi, Mounir, 2016. "Investigating the causal relationship between transport infrastructure, transport energy consumption and economic growth in Tunisia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 988-998.
    13. R Ramanathan, 2005. "Estimating energy consumption of transport modes in India using DEA and application to energy and environmental policy," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 56(6), pages 732-737, June.
    14. Ghosh, Prabir Kumar & Dinda, Soumyananda, 2019. "Revisited the Relationship Between Economic Growth and Transport Infrastructure in India: An Empirical Study," MPRA Paper 116876, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Feb 2021.
    15. Ratanavaraha, Vatanavongs & Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj, 2015. "Trends in Thailand CO2 emissions in the transportation sector and Policy Mitigation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 136-146.
    16. Aparajita Chakrabartty & Sudakshina Gupta, 2015. "Economics of State-owned Passenger Transport in Kolkata," Journal of Infrastructure Development, India Development Foundation, vol. 7(2), pages 101-115, December.
    17. Ramachandra, T.V. & Aithal, Bharath H. & Sreejith, K., 2015. "GHG footprint of major cities in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 473-495.
    18. Gupta, Monika, 2016. "Willingness to pay for carbon tax: A study of Indian road passenger transport," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 46-54.
    19. Lund, Henrik & Münster, Ebbe, 2006. "Integrated transportation and energy sector CO2 emission control strategies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 426-433, September.
    20. Cascetta, Ennio & Cartenì, Armando & Pagliara, Francesca & Montanino, Marcello, 2015. "A new look at planning and designing transportation systems: A decision-making model based on cognitive rationality, stakeholder engagement and quantitative methods," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 27-39.
    21. Wang, Ling & Wang, Ke & Zhang, Jianjun & Zhang, Di & Wu, Xia & Zhang, Lijun, 2020. "Multiple objective-oriented land supply for sustainable transportation: A perspective from industrial dependence, dominance and restrictions of 127 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    22. Rashid Khan, Haroon Ur & Siddique, Muhammad & Zaman, Khalid & Yousaf, Sheikh Usman & Shoukry, Alaa Mohamd & Gani, Showkat & Sasmoko, & Khan, Aqeel & Hishan, Sanil S. & Saleem, Hummera, 2018. "The impact of air transportation, railways transportation, and port container traffic on energy demand, customs duty, and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of low-, middle-, and high -income coun," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 18-35.

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