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Achieving a balance between "carrots" and "sticks" for traffic in National Parks: the Bayerischer Wald project

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  • Holding, David M.
  • Kreutner, Martin

Abstract

Many National Parks in the UK and Western Europe are involved in projects designed to reduce the impact of private car use by visitors and encourage the use of public transport. While it appears difficult to achieve a significant modal shift through marketing/behavioural measures, it is often equally difficult to secure local acceptance of the alternative of traffic restraint. A project in the Bayerischer Wald National Park, Germany, comprises both a high-quality bus system and the seasonal closure of selected roads to cars. Survey work during the project's first season established that the bus alternative was popular with its users, who generally favoured an extension of the road closure programme; however, local residents showed a lower level of support and opposed further closures. It is concluded that a danger exists of local residents succeeding in opposition to such schemes, believing that they would damage the local tourist economy, when in fact they enjoy visitor support. It is also concluded that projects which require public funding but which consist of "carrots" alone may fail to achieve both their financial targets and the objective of securing a significant change in mode of travel.

Suggested Citation

  • Holding, David M. & Kreutner, Martin, 1998. "Achieving a balance between "carrots" and "sticks" for traffic in National Parks: the Bayerischer Wald project," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 175-183, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:5:y:1998:i:3:p:175-183
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    Cited by:

    1. Steiner, T. J. & Bristow, A. L., 2000. "Road pricing in National Parks: a case study in the Yorkshire Dales National Park," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 93-103, April.
    2. Steckenreuter, A. & Wolf, I.D., 2013. "How to use persuasive communication to encourage visitors to pay park user fees," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 58-70.
    3. Guiver, Jo & Lumsdon, Les & Weston, Richard, 2008. "Traffic reduction at visitor attractions: the case of Hadrian’s Wall," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 142-150.
    4. Orsi, Francesco & Geneletti, Davide, 2014. "Assessing the effects of access policies on travel mode choices in an Alpine tourist destination," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 21-35.
    5. Pettebone, David & Newman, Peter & Lawson, Steven R. & Hunt, Len & Monz, Chris & Zwiefka, Jennifer, 2011. "Estimating visitors’ travel mode choices along the Bear Lake Road in Rocky Mountain National Park," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 1210-1221.
    6. González, Rosa Marina & Román, Concepción & Ortúzar, Juan de Dios, 2019. "Preferences for sustainable mobility in natural areas: The case of Teide National Park," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 42-51.
    7. Regnerus, Hielke D. & Beunen, Raoul & Jaarsma, Catharinus F., 2007. "Recreational traffic management: The relations between research and implementation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 258-267, May.
    8. Gühnemann, Astrid & Koh, Andrew & Shepherd, Simon & Lawler, Mary, 2011. "Implications of interdependencies between charging strategies of local authorities for the protection of sensitive areas in the Trans-Pennine Corridor," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 42-52, January.

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