IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/trapol/v35y2014icp50-56.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Passenger car flows across the Canada–US border: The effect of 9/11

Author

Listed:
  • Anderson, William P.
  • Maoh, Hanna F.
  • Burke, Charles M.

Abstract

This paper examines trends in passenger vehicle flows across the Canada–US border over the period from 1972 to 2011. Graphical presentation illustrates a strong declining trend in same day trips over the period from 2001 to 2011, which may be associated with the enhanced security regime at the border in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. However other factors, including a strengthening Canadian dollar and slow economic growth after 2008 may also contribute to this trend. Regression analysis is used to identify factors affecting cross-border flows in both directions for both single day and multi-day trips. A parallel analysis is done for the flows to and from the Province of Ontario only. Results indicate that even after controlling for exchange rates and economic performance, a significant negative impact of 9/11 can be detected. A counterfactual exercise suggests that a quite dramatic reduction in vehicle crossings in both directions may be attributed to 9/11.

Suggested Citation

  • Anderson, William P. & Maoh, Hanna F. & Burke, Charles M., 2014. "Passenger car flows across the Canada–US border: The effect of 9/11," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 50-56.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:35:y:2014:i:c:p:50-56
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.05.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X14001048
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.05.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. J. Stephen Ferris, 2010. "Quantifying Non-Tariff Trade Barriers: What Difference Did 9/11 Make to Canadian Cross-Border Shopping?," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 36(4), pages 487-501, December.
    2. Steven Globerman & Paul Storer, 2009. "Border Security and Canadian Exports to the United States: Evidence and Policy Implications," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 35(2), pages 171-186, June.
    3. J. Stephen Ferris, 2009. "Quantifying Non-tariff Trading Barriers: What Difference Did the U.S. Security Precautions Following 9/11 Make to Canadian Cross Border Shopping? -revised version: Quantifying Non-Tariff Trade Barrier," Carleton Economic Papers 09-04, Carleton University, Department of Economics, revised Dec 2010.
    4. Granger, C. W. J. & Newbold, P., 1974. "Spurious regressions in econometrics," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 111-120, July.
    5. Trien T. Nguyen & Randall M. Wigle, 2011. "Border Delays Re-Emerging Priority: Within-Country Dimensions for Canada," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 37(1), pages 49-59, March.
    6. Michael Burt, 2009. "Tighter Border Security and Its Effect on Canadian Exports," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 35(2), pages 149-169, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Maoh, Hanna F. & Khan, Shakil A. & Anderson, William P., 2016. "Truck movement across the Canada–US border: The effects of 9/11 and other factors," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 12-21.
    2. Opasanon, Sathaporn & Kitthamkesorn, Songyot, 2016. "Border crossing design in light of the ASEAN Economic Community: Simulation based approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 1-12.
    3. Smith, Matthew J. & Ray, Sayan Basu & Raymond, Aaron & Sienna, Micah & Lilly, Meredith B., 2018. "Long-term lessons on the effects of post-9/11 border thickening on cross-border trade between Canada and the United States: A systematic review," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 198-207.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sui Sui & Zhihao Yu, 2012. "The Pattern of Foreign Market Entry of Canadian Exporters," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 38(3), pages 341-359, September.
    2. Maoh, Hanna F. & Khan, Shakil A. & Anderson, William P., 2016. "Truck movement across the Canada–US border: The effects of 9/11 and other factors," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 12-21.
    3. Smith, Matthew J. & Ray, Sayan Basu & Raymond, Aaron & Sienna, Micah & Lilly, Meredith B., 2018. "Long-term lessons on the effects of post-9/11 border thickening on cross-border trade between Canada and the United States: A systematic review," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 198-207.
    4. Brian M. Mills & Mark S. Rosentraub, 2014. "The National Hockey League and Cross-Border Fandom," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 15(5), pages 497-518, October.
    5. Georges, Patrick & Mérette, Marcel, 2012. "Toward a North American Security Perimeter? Assessing the trade, FDI, and welfare impacts of liberalizing 9/11 security measures," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2514-2526.
    6. Patrick Georges & Marcel Mérette & Qi Zhang, 2012. "Toward a North American Security Perimeter? Assessing the Trade and FDI Impacts of Liberalizing 9/11 Security Measures," Working Papers 1204E, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.
    7. Jen Baggs & Loretta Fung & Beverly Lapham, 2021. "An Empirical Evaluation of the Effect of Covid-19 Travel Restrictions on Canadians' Cross Border Travel and Canadian Retailers," Working Paper 1457, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    8. Patrick Georges, 2017. "Canada’s Trade Policy Options under Donald Trump: NAFTA’s rules of origin, Canada-U.S. security perimeter, and Canada’s geographical trade diversification opportunities," Working Papers 1707E, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.
    9. Head, Keith & , & Tappata, Mariano, 2012. "Consumer Arbitrage Across a Porous Border," CEPR Discussion Papers 8730, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Baggs, Jen & Fung, Loretta & Lapham, Beverly, 2018. "Exchange rates, cross-border travel, and retailers: Theory and empirics," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 59-79.
    11. Zhiqi Chen & Horatiu A. Rus & Anindya Sen, 2016. "Border Effects Before and After 9/11: Panel Data Evidence Across Industries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(10), pages 1456-1481, October.
    12. Mark Brown, W. & Anderson, William P., 2015. "How thick is the border: the relative cost of Canadian domestic and cross-border truck-borne trade, 2004–2009," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 10-21.
    13. Bradbury, Susan L., 2013. "The impact of security on travelers across the Canada–US border," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 139-146.
    14. Sui, Sui & Yu, Zhihao & Baum, Matthias, 2012. "Prevalence and Longitudinal Trends of Early Internationalisation Patterns among Canadian SMEs," MPRA Paper 41177, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Levent, Korap, 2007. "Modeling purchasing power parity using co-integration: evidence from Turkey," MPRA Paper 19584, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Yap, Wei Yim & Lam, Jasmine S.L., 2006. "Competition dynamics between container ports in East Asia," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 35-51, January.
    17. Nicholas Taylor, 1998. "Precious metals and inflation," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 201-210.
    18. Md. Sharif Hossain & Md. Thasinul Abedin, 2016. "Multivariate Dynamic Co-integration and Causality Analysis between Inflation and its Determinants," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 8(5), pages 240-250.
    19. Lego, Brian & Gebremedhin, Tesfa & Cushing, Brian, 2000. "A Multi-Sector Export Base Model of Long-Run Regional Employment Growth," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 29(2), pages 192-197, October.
    20. R. Santos Alimi, 2014. "ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: A Re-Examination of Augmented Fisher Hypothesis in an Open Economy," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 2(2), pages 103-114, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:35:y:2014:i:c:p:50-56. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30473/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.