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A single-period analysis of a two-echelon inventory system with dependent supply uncertainty

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  • Masih-Tehrani, Behdad
  • Xu, Susan H.
  • Kumara, Soundar
  • Li, Haijun

Abstract

Disruptions and random supplies have been important sources of uncertainty that should be considered in the design and control of supply chains. There have been many real world examples in which a single catastrophic event has simultaneously degraded the capabilities of several suppliers leading to considerable erosion of profits and goodwill for a company. However, the literature on analytical models that account for the dependence nature of disruptions and its impact on supply chain performance is sparse. In this paper, we consider an m-manufacturer, 1-retailer, newsvendor inventory system with stochastically dependent manufacturing capacities, caused by random disruptions that may simultaneously inflict damages to the capacities of the manufacturers. We develop the structural/analytical properties of key performance measures and optimal inventory policies for the multi-source and assembly inventory systems. We show that stochastic dependence in disruptions can have opposite effects on system performance in the multi-source and assembly systems. While risk diversification is preferred in the multi-source system, risk concentration is preferred in the assembly system. Our results also suggest that, if the retailer ignores the effect of dependent disruptions, then in the multi-source structure, it would underestimate the cost, overestimate the fill rate, and order more units than the optimum; however, in the assembly structure, the opposite would happen. We perform a comprehensive numerical study to validate our analytical results and generate useful managerial and operational insights for effective risk management of supply chains in the presence of dependent supply uncertainty.

Suggested Citation

  • Masih-Tehrani, Behdad & Xu, Susan H. & Kumara, Soundar & Li, Haijun, 2011. "A single-period analysis of a two-echelon inventory system with dependent supply uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(8), pages 1128-1151, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:45:y:2011:i:8:p:1128-1151
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    2. Sarah Parlane & Ying-Yi Tsai, 2017. "Optimal Management of Supply Disruptions when Contracting with Unreliable, Risk-averse, Suppliers," Working Papers 201714, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    3. Parlane, Sarah & Ryan, Lisa, 2020. "Optimal contracts for renewable electricity," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    4. Qi Feng & Justin Jia & J. George Shanthikumar, 2019. "Dynamic Multisourcing with Dependent Supplies," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(6), pages 2770-2786, June.
    5. Zhang, Zhi-Hai & Unnikrishnan, Avinash, 2016. "A coordinated location-inventory problem in closed-loop supply chain," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 127-148.
    6. Cai, Jianhu & Hu, Xiaoqing & Jiang, Feiying & Zhou, Qing & Zhang, Xiaoyang & Xuan, Liyuan, 2019. "Optimal input quantity decisions considering commitment order contracts under yield uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 398-412.
    7. Song, Dong-Ping & Dong, Jing-Xin & Xu, Jingjing, 2014. "Integrated inventory management and supplier base reduction in a supply chain with multiple uncertainties," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 232(3), pages 522-536.
    8. Faiza Hamdi & Ahmed Ghorbel & Faouzi Masmoudi & Lionel Dupont, 2018. "Optimization of a supply portfolio in the context of supply chain risk management: literature review," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 763-788, April.
    9. Rujeerapaiboon, Napat & Zhong, Yuanguang & Zhu, Dan, 2023. "Resilience of long chain under disruption," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(2), pages 597-615.
    10. Hagspiel, Simeon, 2016. "Supply Chain Reliability and the Role of Individual Suppliers," EWI Working Papers 2016-5, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI).
    11. Almaraj, Ismail I. & Trafalis, Theodore B., 2019. "An integrated multi-echelon robust closed- loop supply chain under imperfect quality production," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 212-227.
    12. Hagspiel, Simeon, 2018. "Reliability with interdependent suppliers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 268(1), pages 161-173.
    13. Gregory A. DeCroix, 2013. "Inventory Management for an Assembly System Subject to Supply Disruptions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(9), pages 2079-2092, September.
    14. Shaofu Du & Yujiao Zhu & Tengfei Nie & Haisuo Yu, 2018. "Loss-averse preferences in a two-echelon supply chain with yield risk and demand uncertainty," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 361-388, July.
    15. Shahabi, Mehrdad & Tafreshian, Amirmahdi & Unnikrishnan, Avinash & Boyles, Stephen D., 2018. "Joint production–inventory–location problem with multi-variate normal demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 60-78.
    16. Goldbeck, Nils & Angeloudis, Panagiotis & Ochieng, Washington, 2020. "Optimal supply chain resilience with consideration of failure propagation and repair logistics," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    17. Shahabi, Mehrdad & Unnikrishnan, Avinash & Jafari-Shirazi, Ehsan & Boyles, Stephen D., 2014. "A three level location-inventory problem with correlated demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-18.

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