IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transa/v154y2021icp92-107.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Who benefits from AVs? Equity implications of automated vehicles policies in full-scale prototype cities

Author

Listed:
  • Nahmias-Biran, Bat-hen
  • Oke, Jimi B.
  • Kumar, Nishant

Abstract

While researchers have stressed the potential of automated vehicle (AV) technology in improving mobility and accessibility for a range of people, only a few attempts have been made to examine the impact of this new technology on different segments of the population in a realistic setting using high-fidelity simulation. To fill this gap, we analyze the equity implications of Automated Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) in three full-scale prototype cities using SimMobility, a state-of-the-art activity- and agent-based framework. The prototype cities were developed based on two auto-dependent typologies, representing cities largely in the US/Canada, and a dense transit-oriented typology. We perform equity analyses at the individual and income-group level, in order to reveal the winners and losers from the introduction of AVs under two scenarios: (1) AMoD Intro, in which a low-cost AMoD service competes with mass transit, and (2) AMoD Transit Integration, where AMoD complements mass transit, via access/egress connectivity service to rapid transit stations. We evaluate the following outcomes: induced demand by age and income groups, mode share by income levels, individual kilometers traveled by different modes and income levels, and the spatial distribution of change in fare and accessibility. Outcomes are considered as equity-oriented if they reduce accessibility gaps, particularly among disadvantaged populations. Our results indicate that in large population-dense and transit-oriented cities, the most equity-oriented outcomes can be achieved, due to extensive mass transit usage, which depresses car usage and restricts induced demand for AMoD. Such cities provide greater opportunities for low-income groups. Specifically, the AMoD Transit Integration scenario results in the best outcomes and implies a new market share, as disadvantaged groups, such as children and low-income individuals, were able to travel more using the integrated AMoD-transit service. Nevertheless, in car-dependent cities, where accessibility gaps are much larger, AMoD Intro scenario performs better compared to AMoD Transit Integration, as it serves the less accessible population and significantly improves their opportunities.

Suggested Citation

  • Nahmias-Biran, Bat-hen & Oke, Jimi B. & Kumar, Nishant, 2021. "Who benefits from AVs? Equity implications of automated vehicles policies in full-scale prototype cities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 92-107.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:154:y:2021:i:c:p:92-107
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2021.09.013
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856421002469
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tra.2021.09.013?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alberto Dianin & Elisa Ravazzoli & Georg Hauger, 2021. "Implications of Autonomous Vehicles for Accessibility and Transport Equity: A Framework Based on Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Nahmias–Biran, Bat-hen & Shiftan, Yoram, 2016. "Towards a more equitable distribution of resources: Using activity-based models and subjective well-being measures in transport project evaluation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 672-684.
    3. Shaheen, Susan PhD & Bouzaghrane, Mohamed Amine, 2019. "Mobility and Energy Impacts of Shared Automated Vehicles: a Review of Recent Literature," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt5g29c7pp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    4. de Jong, Gerard & Daly, Andrew & Pieters, Marits & van der Hoorn, Toon, 2007. "The logsum as an evaluation measure: Review of the literature and new results," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 41(9), pages 874-889, November.
    5. Fagnant, Daniel J. & Kockelman, Kara, 2015. "Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 167-181.
    6. Bat-hen Nahmias-Biran & Karel Martens & Yoram Shiftan, 2017. "Integrating equity in transportation project assessment: a philosophical exploration and its practical implications," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(2), pages 192-210, March.
    7. Oke, Jimi B. & Akkinepally, Arun Prakash & Chen, Siyu & Xie, Yifei & Aboutaleb, Youssef M. & Azevedo, Carlos Lima & Zegras, P. Christopher & Ferreira, Joseph & Ben-Akiva, Moshe, 2020. "Evaluating the systemic effects of automated mobility-on-demand services via large-scale agent-based simulation of auto-dependent prototype cities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 98-126.
    8. Bat-hen Nahmias-Biran & Yoram Shiftan, 2020. "Using activity-based models and the capability approach to evaluate equity considerations in transportation projects," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(5), pages 2287-2305, October.
    9. Dong, Xiaojing & Ben-Akiva, Moshe E. & Bowman, John L. & Walker, Joan L., 2006. "Moving from trip-based to activity-based measures of accessibility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 163-180, February.
    10. Jun Liu & Kara M. Kockelman & Patrick M. Boesch & Francesco Ciari, 2017. "Tracking a system of shared autonomous vehicles across the Austin, Texas network using agent-based simulation," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(6), pages 1261-1278, November.
    11. Oh, Simon & Seshadri, Ravi & Azevedo, Carlos Lima & Kumar, Nishant & Basak, Kakali & Ben-Akiva, Moshe, 2020. "Assessing the impacts of automated mobility-on-demand through agent-based simulation: A study of Singapore," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 367-388.
    12. Milakis, Dimitris & Kroesen, Maarten & van Wee, Bert, 2018. "Implications of automated vehicles for accessibility and location choices: Evidence from an expert-based experiment," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 142-148.
    13. Bat-hen Nahmias-Biran & Yoram Shiftan, 0. "Using activity-based models and the capability approach to evaluate equity considerations in transportation projects," Transportation, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-19.
    14. Bat-hen Nahmias-Biran & Jimi B. Oke & Nishant Kumar & Carlos Lima Azevedo & Moshe Ben-Akiva, 0. "Evaluating the impacts of shared automated mobility on-demand services: an activity-based accessibility approach," Transportation, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-26.
    15. Fábio Duarte & Carlo Ratti, 2018. "The Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Cities: A Review," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 3-18, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Khan, Shah Khalid & Shiwakoti, Nirajan & Stasinopoulos, Peter & Warren, Matthew, 2023. "Cybersecurity regulatory challenges for connected and automated vehicles – State-of-the-art and future directions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 58-71.
    2. Jing Gao & Sen Li, 2023. "Regulating For-Hire Autonomous Vehicles for An Equitable Multimodal Transportation Network," Papers 2301.05798, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2023.
    3. Gao, Jing & Li, Sen, 2024. "Regulating for-hire autonomous vehicles for an equitable multimodal transportation network," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mehdizadeh, Milad & Nordfjaern, Trond & Klöckner, Christian A., 2022. "A systematic review of the agent-based modelling/simulation paradigm in mobility transition," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    2. Peer, Stefanie & Müller, Johannes & Naqvi, Asjad & Straub, Markus, 2024. "Introducing shared, electric, autonomous vehicles (SAEVs) in sub-urban zones: Simulating the case of Vienna," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 232-243.
    3. Pudāne, Baiba & van Cranenburgh, Sander & Chorus, Caspar G., 2021. "A day in the life with an automated vehicle: Empirical analysis of data from an interactive stated activity-travel survey," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    4. Kassens-Noor, Eva & Dake, Dana & Decaminada, Travis & Kotval-K, Zeenat & Qu, Teresa & Wilson, Mark & Pentland, Brian, 2020. "Sociomobility of the 21st century: Autonomous vehicles, planning, and the future city," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 329-335.
    5. Ahmed, Tanjeeb & Hyland, Michael & Sarma, Navjyoth J.S. & Mitra, Suman & Ghaffar, Arash, 2020. "Quantifying the employment accessibility benefits of shared automated vehicle mobility services: Consumer welfare approach using logsums," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 221-247.
    6. Wali, Behram & Santi, Paolo & Ratti, Carlo, 2023. "Are californians willing to use shared automated vehicles (SAV) & renounce existing vehicles? An empirical analysis of factors determining SAV use & household vehicle ownership," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    7. Hasnine, Md Sami & Habib, Khandker Nurul, 2020. "Transportation demand management (TDM) and social justice: A case study of differential impacts of TDM strategies on various income groups," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1-10.
    8. Bat-hen Nahmias-Biran & Jimi B. Oke & Nishant Kumar & Carlos Lima Azevedo & Moshe Ben-Akiva, 2021. "Evaluating the impacts of shared automated mobility on-demand services: an activity-based accessibility approach," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 1613-1638, August.
    9. Peiyu Jing & Ravi Seshadri & Takanori Sakai & Ali Shamshiripour & Andre Romano Alho & Antonios Lentzakis & Moshe E. Ben-Akiva, 2023. "Evaluating congestion pricing schemes using agent-based passenger and freight microsimulation," Papers 2305.07318, arXiv.org.
    10. Kim, Sung Hoo & Circella, Giovanni & Mokhtarian, Patricia L., 2019. "Identifying latent mode-use propensity segments in an all-AV era," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 192-207.
    11. Tengilimoglu, Oguz & Carsten, Oliver & Wadud, Zia, 2023. "Implications of automated vehicles for physical road environment: A comprehensive review," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    12. Karst T. Geurs & Kevin J. Krizek & Aura Reggiani, 2012. "Accessibility analysis and transport planning: an introduction," Chapters, in: Karst T. Geurs & Kevin J. Krizek & Aura Reggiani (ed.), Accessibility Analysis and Transport Planning, chapter 1, pages 1-12, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    13. Mori, Kentaro & Miwa, Tomio & Abe, Ryosuke & Morikawa, Takayuki, 2022. "Equilibrium analysis of trip demand for autonomous taxi services in Nagoya, Japan," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 476-498.
    14. Tang, Zhe-Yi & Tian, Li-Jun & Wang, David Z.W., 2021. "Multi-modal morning commute with endogenous shared autonomous vehicle penetration considering parking space constraint," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    15. Tscharaktschiew, Stefan & Reimann, Felix, 2023. "The economics of speed choice and control in the presence of driverless vehicle cruising and parking-as-a-substitute-for-cruising," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    16. Wadud, Zia & Mattioli, Giulio, 2021. "Fully automated vehicles: A cost-based analysis of the share of ownership and mobility services, and its socio-economic determinants," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 228-244.
    17. Azmoodeh, Mohammad & Haghighi, Farshidreza & Motieyan, Hamid, 2023. "The capability approach and social equity in transport: Understanding factors affecting capabilities of urban residents, using structural equation modeling," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 137-151.
    18. Chorus, Caspar G., 2012. "Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers, and their relation with desirability and satisfaction," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(7), pages 1003-1012.
    19. Masiero, Lorenzo & Hrankai, Richard, 2022. "Modeling tourist accessibility to peripheral attractions," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    20. Mordue, Greig & Yeung, Anders & Wu, Fan, 2020. "The looming challenges of regulating high level autonomous vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 174-187.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:154:y:2021:i:c:p:92-107. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/547/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.