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Clines in quantitative traits: The role of migration patterns and selection scenarios

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  • Geroldinger, Ludwig
  • Bürger, Reinhard

Abstract

The existence, uniqueness, and shape of clines in a quantitative trait under selection toward a spatially varying optimum is studied. The focus is on deterministic diploid two-locus n-deme models subject to various migration patterns and selection scenarios. Migration patterns may exhibit isolation by distance, as in the stepping-stone model, or random dispersal, as in the island model. The phenotypic optimum may change abruptly in a single environmental step, more gradually, or not at all. Symmetry assumptions are imposed on phenotypic optima and migration rates. We study clines in the mean, variance, and linkage disequilibrium (LD). Clines result from polymorphic equilibria. The possible equilibrium configurations are determined as functions of the migration rate. Whereas for weak migration, many polymorphic equilibria may be simultaneously stable, their number decreases with increasing migration rate. Also for intermediate migration rates polymorphic equilibria are in general not unique, however, for loci of equal effects the corresponding clines in the mean, variance, and LD are unique. For sufficiently strong migration, no polymorphism is maintained. Both migration pattern and selection scenario exert strong influence on the existence and shape of clines. The results for discrete demes are compared with those from models in which space varies continuously and dispersal is modeled by diffusion. Comparisons with previous studies, which investigated clines under neutrality or under linkage equilibrium, are performed. If there is no long-distance migration, the environment does not change abruptly, and linkage is not very tight, populations are almost everywhere close to linkage equilibrium.

Suggested Citation

  • Geroldinger, Ludwig & Bürger, Reinhard, 2015. "Clines in quantitative traits: The role of migration patterns and selection scenarios," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 43-66.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:99:y:2015:i:c:p:43-66
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2014.10.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Geroldinger, Ludwig & Bürger, Reinhard, 2014. "A two-locus model of spatially varying stabilizing or directional selection on a quantitative trait," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 10-41.
    2. Nagylaki, Thomas, 2012. "Clines with partial panmixia," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 81(1), pages 45-68.
    3. Akerman, Ada & Bürger, Reinhard, 2014. "The consequences of dominance and gene flow for local adaptation and differentiation at two linked loci," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 42-62.
    4. Nagylaki, Thomas, 2012. "Clines with partial panmixia in an unbounded unidimensional habitat," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 22-28.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bürger, Reinhard, 2017. "Two-locus clines on the real line with a step environment," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 1-22.

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