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The positive effects of negative interactions: Can avoidance of competitors or predators increase resource sampling by prey?

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  • Bell, Adrian V.
  • Rader, Russell B.
  • Peck, Steven L.
  • Sih, Andrew

Abstract

Spatial overlap between predators and prey is key to predicting their interaction strength and population dynamics. We constructed a spatially-explicit simulation model to explore how predator and prey behavioral traits and patterns of resource distribution influence spatial overlap between predators, prey, and prey resources. Predator and prey spatial association primarily followed the ideal free distribution. Departures from this model were intriguing, especially from the interactions of predator and prey behavior. When prey weakly avoided conspecifics, they associated more highly with resources when predators were present. Predators increased the rate of prey movement between patches, which increased their ability to sample their environment and aggregate in patches with high resources. When prey strongly avoided each other, predators decreased prey association with resources. That is, an increased rate of prey movement increased the probability that prey would interact and avoid each other without regard to the distribution of resources. More generally, a more highly clumped distribution of resources acted as a spatial anchor that generally increased prey, predator, and resource association. Prey tended to congregate with resources and predators generally congregated with prey.

Suggested Citation

  • Bell, Adrian V. & Rader, Russell B. & Peck, Steven L. & Sih, Andrew, 2009. "The positive effects of negative interactions: Can avoidance of competitors or predators increase resource sampling by prey?," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 76(1), pages 52-58.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:76:y:2009:i:1:p:52-58
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2009.03.008
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    1. Sang-Il Lee, 2001. "Developing a bivariate spatial association measure: An integration of Pearson's r and Moran's I," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 3(4), pages 369-385, December.
    2. Don M. Hugie, 2003. "The waiting game: a "battle of waits" between predator and prey," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 14(6), pages 807-817, November.
    3. Křivan, Vlastimil & Cressman, Ross & Schneider, Candace, 2008. "The ideal free distribution: A review and synthesis of the game-theoretic perspective," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 73(3), pages 403-425.
    4. Sang-Il Lee, 2004. "A Generalized Significance Testing Method for Global Measures of Spatial Association: An Extension of the Mantel Test," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(9), pages 1687-1703, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vyacheslav Tsybulin & Pavel Zelenchuk, 2024. "Predator–Prey Dynamics and Ideal Free Distribution in a Heterogeneous Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.

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    Keywords

    Spatial dynamics; Cellular automata;

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