IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/telpol/v41y2017i10p931-947.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

China’s telecommunications evolution, institutions, and policy issues on the eve of 5G: A two-decade retrospect and prospect

Author

Listed:
  • Xia, Jun

Abstract

Over the past two decades, China’s telecommunications industry has witnessed drastic market reform, steadfast institutionalization, and volatile technological changes, which have driven exponential industry expansion. This paper offers an updated longitudinal and comprehensive review on this reform process on the eve of 5G (the fifth generation mobile communications networks). First, the paper segments the two-decade reform crusade into discernible phases, each of which is embedded with different policy drives. These reform phases are then pattern-matched against the subtleties of the overall institutional, technological, and market backdrop. A series of policy issues are identified through a systematic examination of industry phenomena over the reform course. Finally, the status of research is assessed regarding China’s telecom industry and reform, based on which, knowledge gaps are identified and future research agenda suggested. Conclusions are made regarding future reform and research imperatives. The paper advances the understanding of China’s telecom reform, development, and the underlying policy issues. It updates and expands previous works on similar topics. Overall, this study provides important theoretical, managerial, and policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Xia, Jun, 2017. "China’s telecommunications evolution, institutions, and policy issues on the eve of 5G: A two-decade retrospect and prospect," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(10), pages 931-947.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:telpol:v:41:y:2017:i:10:p:931-947
    DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2016.11.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596116302051
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.telpol.2016.11.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Chun & Jayakar, Krishna, 2012. "The evolution of telecommunications policy-making: Comparative analysis of China and India," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 13-28.
    2. Fu, Hanlong & Mou, Yi, 2010. "An assessment of the 2008 telecommunications restructuring in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 649-658, November.
    3. Xia, Jun, 2016. "Universal service policy in China (II): Case study and institutional variables," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 253-264.
    4. Chen, Fang & Ma, Jun Hai & Chen, Xiao Qiang, 2009. "The study of dynamic process of the triopoly games in chinese 3G telecommunication market," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 1542-1551.
    5. Basole, Rahul C. & Park, Hyunwoo & Barnett, Brandon C., 2015. "Coopetition and convergence in the ICT ecosystem," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 537-552.
    6. Lim, Jinyang & Nam, Changi & Kim, Seongcheol & Lee, Euehun & Lee, Hongkyu, 2015. "A new regional clustering approach for mobile telecommunications policy in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 296-304.
    7. Peitz, Martin & Valletti, Tommaso, 2015. "Reassessing competition concerns in electronic communications markets," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 896-912.
    8. Gao, Ping & Lyytinen, Kalle, 2000. "Transformation of China's telecommunications sector: a macro perspective," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(8-9), pages 719-730, September.
    9. Gao, Xudong & Liu, Jianxin, 2012. "Catching up through the development of technology standard: The case of TD-SCDMA in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 531-545.
    10. Xing, Wan & Ye, Xuan & Kui, Lv, 2011. "Measuring convergence of China's ICT industry: An input-output analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 301-313, May.
    11. Liu, Yu-li, 1994. "The growth of cable television in China: Tensions between local and central government," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 216-228, April.
    12. Tan, Zixiang, 1994. "Challenges to the MPT's monopoly," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 174-181, April.
    13. Cai, Jing & Tylecote, Andrew, 2008. "Corporate governance and technological dynamism of Chinese firms in mobile telecommunications: A quantitative study," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 1790-1811, December.
    14. Hong, Junhao, 1995. "The evolution of China's satellite policy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 117-133, March.
    15. Oliver E. Williamson, 2000. "The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(3), pages 595-613, September.
    16. Xia, Jun & Lu, Ting-Jie, 0. "Bridging the digital divide for rural communities: The case of China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9-10), pages 686-696, October.
    17. Liu, Xiaolu & Li, Honglin, 2016. "Ownership domination in standardization: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 225-241.
    18. Shim, Yongwoon & Shin, Dong-Hee, 2016. "Neo-techno nationalism: The case of China’s handset industry," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 197-209.
    19. Xia, Jun, 2012. "Competition and regulation in China's 3G/4G mobile communications industry—Institutions, governance, and telecom SOEs," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 503-521.
    20. Xue Han & Jiang Yu, 2008. "Evaluating 3g Licensing Patterns For An Indigenous Standard In China," International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(03), pages 451-470.
    21. Zhang, Bing, 2001. "Assessing the WTO agreements on China's telecommunications regulatory reform and industrial liberalization," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 461-483, August.
    22. Baldwin, Robert & Cave, Martin & Lodge, Martin, 2011. "Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy, and Practice," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 2, number 9780199576098.
    23. Han, Shengfei & Wang, Wei, 2014. "WTO accession, impediments to FDI, and the market opening of basic telecom services in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 68-81.
    24. Yan, Xu & Pitt, Douglas C., 1999. "One country, two systems: contrasting approaches to telecommunications deregulation in Hong Kong China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 23(3-4), pages 245-260, April.
    25. Lu, Ding, 1994. "The management of China's telecommunications industry: Some institutional facts," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 195-205, April.
    26. Kshetri, Nir & Palvia, Prashant & Dai, Hua, 2011. "Chinese institutions and standardization: The case of government support to domestic third generation cellular standard," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 399-412, June.
    27. Pereira, Pedro & Vareda, João, 2013. "How will telecommunications bundles impact competition and regulatory analysis?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 530-539.
    28. Mueller, Milton & Lovelock, Peter, 2000. "The WTO and China's ban on foreign investment in telecommunication services: a game-theoretic analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(8-9), pages 731-759, September.
    29. Mu, Qing & Lee, Keun, 2005. "Knowledge diffusion, market segmentation and technological catch-up: The case of the telecommunication industry in China," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 759-783, August.
    30. Hu, Hanhui & Wan, Xing & Lv, Kui & Xu, Min, 2012. "Mapping China's 3G market with the strategic network paradigm," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 977-988.
    31. Kshetri, Nir, 2016. "Institutional and economic factors affecting the development of the Chinese cloud computing industry and market," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 116-129.
    32. Lei Ding & Kingsley Haynes & Yanchun Liu, 2008. "Telecommunications infrastructure and regional income convergence in China: panel data approaches," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 42(4), pages 843-861, December.
    33. Chang, He Fei, 1994. "Lian Tong: A quantum leap in the reform of China's telecommunications," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 206-210, April.
    34. Cui, Di & Wu, Fang, 2016. "Moral goodness and social orderliness: An analysis of the official media discourse about Internet governance in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 265-276.
    35. Kim, Dong-hyu & Lee, Heejin & Kwak, Jooyoung & Seo, DongBack, 2014. "China׳s information security standardization: Analysis from the perspective of technical barriers to trade principles," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 592-600.
    36. Wu, Wei, 1996. "Great leap or long march: Some policy issues of the development of the Internet in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(9), pages 699-711, November.
    37. Hong, Yu & Bar, François & An, Zheng, 2012. "Chinese telecommunications on the threshold of convergence: Contexts, possibilities, and limitations of forging a domestic demand-based growth model," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 914-928.
    38. Ward, Michael R. & Zheng, Shilin, 2016. "Mobile telecommunications service and economic growth: Evidence from China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 89-101.
    39. Alice Shiu & Pun-Lee Lam, 2008. "Causal Relationship between Telecommunications and Economic Growth in China and its Regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(5), pages 705-718.
    40. Loo, Becky P.Y. & Ngan, Y.L., 2012. "Developing mobile telecommunications to narrow digital divide in developing countries? Some lessons from China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 888-900.
    41. Chismar, William G & Jussawalla, Meheroo & Snow, Marcellus S, 1996. "US provision of telecommunications goods and services in the PRC: Chinese policies and American strategies," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 455-464, July.
    42. Yuan, Yufei & Zheng, Wuping & Wang, Youwei & Xu, Zhengchuan & Yang, Qing & Gao, Yufei, 0. "Xiaolingtong versus 3G in China: Which will be the winner?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(5-6), pages 297-313, June.
    43. Bauer, Johannes M., 2014. "Platforms, systems competition, and innovation: Reassessing the foundations of communications policy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 662-673.
    44. Li, Yan, 2011. "The competitive landscape of China’s telecommunications industry: Is there a need for further regulatory reform?," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 125-133.
    45. Wallenstein, Gerd D., 1978. "Telecommunications in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 161-162, June.
    46. Pierre Vialle & Junjie Song & Jian Zhang, 2012. "Competing with dominant global standards in a catching-up context. The case of mobile standards in China," Post-Print hal-01289708, HAL.
    47. Wu, Richard W.S. & Leung, Grace L.K., 2012. "Implementation of three network convergence in China: A new institutional analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 955-965.
    48. Sun, Yutao & Grimes, Seamus, 2016. "China’s increasing participation in ICT’s global value chain: A firm level analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 210-224.
    49. Tan, Zixiang Alex, 0. "Product cycle theory and telecommunications industry--foreign direct investment, government policy, and indigenous manufacturing in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(1-2), pages 17-30, February.
    50. Kang, Fei & Hauge, Janice A. & Lu, Ting-Jie, 2012. "Competition and mobile network investment in China’s telecommunications industry," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 901-913.
    51. Yan, Xu, 2001. "The impact of the regulatory framework on fixed-mobile interconnection settlements: the case of China and Hong Kong," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 515-532, August.
    52. Tania Voon & Andrew Mitchell, 2010. "Open for Business? China's Telecommunications Service Market and the WTO," Journal of International Economic Law, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 321-378, June.
    53. Xia, Jun, 2016. "Universal service policy in China (I): Institutional elements and ecosystem," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 242-252.
    54. Mueller, Milton, 1994. "China: still the enigmatic giant," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 171-173, April.
    55. Mueller, Milton, 1994. "One country, two systems: What will 1997 mean in telecommunications?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 243-253, April.
    56. Kwak, Jooyoung & Lee, Heejin & Chung, Do Bum, 2012. "The evolution of alliance structure in China’s mobile telecommunication industry and implications for international standardization," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 966-976.
    57. Yu, Liangchun & Berg, Sanford & Guo, Qing, 0. "Market performance of Chinese telecommunications: new regulatory policies," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(9-10), pages 715-732, October.
    58. Zhang, Jing & Liang, Xiong-Jian, 2011. "Business ecosystem strategies of mobile network operators in the 3G era: The case of China Mobile," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 156-171, March.
    59. Loo, Becky P. Y., 0. "Telecommunications reforms in China: towards an analytical framework," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(9-10), pages 697-714, October.
    60. Steen, Håkon Ursin, 2011. "Indicators of development or dependency in disguise? Assessing domestic inventive capacity in South Korean and Chinese infrastructural ICT standards," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 663-680, August.
    61. Ting, Carol & Yi, Famin, 2013. "ICT policy for the “socialist new countryside”—A case study of rural informatization in Guangdong, China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 626-638.
    62. Shim, Yongwoon & Shin, Dong-Hee, 2016. "Analyzing China’s Fintech Industry from the Perspective of Actor–Network Theory," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 168-181.
    63. Zheng, Shilin & Ward, Michael R., 2011. "The effects of market liberalization and privatization on Chinese telecommunications," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 210-220, June.
    64. Li, Raymond & Shiu, Alice, 2012. "Internet diffusion in China: A dynamic panel data analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 872-887.
    65. Fan, Qiuyan, 0. "Regulatory factors influencing Internet access in Australia and China: a comparative analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2-3), pages 191-203, March.
    66. Gao, Xudong & Liu, Jianxin, 2012. "Reprint of: Catching up through the development of technology standard: The case of TD-SCDMA in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 817-831.
    67. Guo, Jie & Bouwman, Harry, 2016. "An analytical framework for an m-payment ecosystem: A merchants׳ perspective," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 147-167.
    68. Jayakar, Krishna & Liu, Chun, 2014. "Universal service in China and India: Legitimating the state?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 186-199.
    69. Shen, Wei, 2012. "Deconstructing the myth of Alipay Drama—Repoliticizing foreign investment in the telecommunications sector in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 929-942.
    70. Yu, Jiang & Zhang, Yue & Gao, Ping, 2012. "Examining China's technology policies for wireless broadband infrastructure," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 847-857.
    71. Ure, John, 1994. "Telecommunications, with Chinese characteristics," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 182-194, April.
    72. Vialle, Pierre & Song, Junjie & Zhang, Jian, 2012. "Competing with dominant global standards in a catching-up context. The case of mobile standards in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 832-846.
    73. Yu, Jiang & Xiao, Xiao & Zhang, Yue, 2016. "From concept to implementation: The development of the emerging cloud computing industry in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 130-146.
    74. Zhao, Di Ang & Junjia, Liu, 1994. "Telecommunications development and economic growth in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 211-215, April.
    75. Zhang, Jing & Liang, Xiong-jian, 2012. "Promoting green ICT in China: A framework based on innovation system approaches," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 997-1013.
    76. Ward, Michael R. & Zheng, Shilin, 2012. "Mobile and fixed substitution for telephone service in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 301-310.
    77. Lim, Jinyang & Nam, Changi & Kim, Seongcheol & Rhee, Hongjai & Lee, Euehun & Lee, Hongkyu, 2012. "Forecasting 3G mobile subscription in China: A study based on stochastic frontier analysis and a Bass diffusion model," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 858-871.
    78. Campbell-Kelly, Martin & Garcia-Swartz, Daniel & Lam, Richard & Yang, Yilei, 2015. "Economic and business perspectives on smartphones as multi-sided platforms," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(8), pages 717-734.
    79. Harwit, Eric, 2008. "China's Telecommunications Revolution," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199233748.
    80. Lovelock, Peter, 1996. "China's telecommunications policy and Hong Kong, 1997: Bargaining positions," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(9), pages 685-698, November.
    81. Gao, Ping & Yu, Jiang & Lyytinen, Kalle, 2014. "Government in standardization in the catching-up context: Case of China's mobile system," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 200-209.
    82. Lin, Trisha T.C., 2012. "Market competitiveness of mobile TV industry in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 943-954.
    83. Aaditya Mattoo, 2003. "China's Accession to the WTO: The Services Dimension," Journal of International Economic Law, Oxford University Press, vol. 6(2), pages 299-339, June.
    84. Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Stauvermann, Peter Josef & Samitas, Aristeidis, 2016. "The effects of ICT⁎ on output per worker: A study of the Chinese economy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 102-115.
    85. Tan, Zixiang, 1995. "China's information superhighway: What is it and who controls it?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(9), pages 721-731, December.
    86. Miao, Miao & Jayakar, Krishna, 2016. "Mobile payments in Japan, South Korea and China: Cross-border convergence or divergence of business models?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 182-196.
    87. Xia, Jun, 2011. "The third-generation-mobile (3G) policy and deployment in China: Current status, challenges, and prospects," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 51-63, February.
    88. Wallenstein, Gerd D., 1978. "New China and communications development : A cultural perspective," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 229-233, September.
    89. Clark, David D. & Claffy, K.C., 2015. "Anchoring policy development around stable points: An approach to regulating the co-evolving ICT ecosystem," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 848-860.
    90. Lee, Paul S. N., 1991. "Dualism of communications in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 536-544, December.
    91. Yan, Xu, 2015. "The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between China and Hong Kong SAR: From gesture to commitment," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 913-920.
    92. Lam, Pun-Lee & Shiu, Alice, 2008. "Productivity analysis of the telecommunications sector in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 559-571, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cha Li & Felipe A. Csaszar, 2019. "Government as Landscape Designer: A Behavioral View of Industrial Policy," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(3), pages 175-192, September.
    2. Yan, Xu & Huang, Minyi, 2022. "Leveraging university research within the context of open innovation: The case of Huawei," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(2).
    3. Edward J. Oughton & Ashutosh Jha, 2021. "Supportive 5G Infrastructure Policies are Essential for Universal 6G: Assessment using an Open-source Techno-economic Simulation Model utilizing Remote Sensing," Papers 2102.08086, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2021.
    4. Jeon, Chunmi & Han, Seung Hun & Kim, Hyeong Joon & Kim, Sangsoo, 2022. "The effect of government 5G policies on telecommunication operators’ firm value: Evidence from China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(2).
    5. Liu, Yu-li & Tian, Li & Li, Changyan & Wu, Yanfei, 2024. "Analyzing the competitiveness and strategies of Chinese mobile network operators in the 5G era," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(2).
    6. Fadye Saud Alfayad, 2019. "Huawei and the Gulf Region: Market Opportunities Despite the Ongoing US-China Trade War," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 9(4), pages 47-53.
    7. Wang, Jing, 2018. "From aperture satellite to "Internet finance": Institutionalization of ICTs in China's financial sector since 1991," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(7), pages 566-574.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Jing & Liang, Xiong-jian, 2012. "Promoting green ICT in China: A framework based on innovation system approaches," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 997-1013.
    2. Xia, Jun, 2012. "Competition and regulation in China's 3G/4G mobile communications industry—Institutions, governance, and telecom SOEs," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 503-521.
    3. Xia, Jun, 2012. "Reprint of: Competition and regulation in China's 3G/4G mobile communications industry—Institutions, governance, and telecom SOEs," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 798-816.
    4. Yu, Jiang & Zhang, Yue & Gao, Ping, 2012. "Examining China's technology policies for wireless broadband infrastructure," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 847-857.
    5. Michael Murphree & Dan Breznitz, 2018. "Indigenous digital technology standards for development: The case of China," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 1(3), pages 234-252, December.
    6. Liu, Chun & Jayakar, Krishna, 2012. "The evolution of telecommunications policy-making: Comparative analysis of China and India," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 13-28.
    7. Wu, Richard W.S. & Leung, Grace L.K., 2012. "Implementation of three network convergence in China: A new institutional analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 955-965.
    8. Kshetri, Nir, 2017. "The evolution of the internet of things industry and market in China: An interplay of institutions, demands and supply," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 49-67.
    9. Kwak, Jooyoung & Lee, Heejin & Chung, Do Bum, 2012. "The evolution of alliance structure in China’s mobile telecommunication industry and implications for international standardization," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 966-976.
    10. Gao, Ping & Yu, Jiang & Lyytinen, Kalle, 2014. "Government in standardization in the catching-up context: Case of China's mobile system," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 200-209.
    11. Loo, Becky P.Y. & Wang, Bo, 2017. "Progress of e-development in China since 1998," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(9), pages 731-742.
    12. Vialle, Pierre & Song, Junjie & Zhang, Jian, 2012. "Competing with dominant global standards in a catching-up context. The case of mobile standards in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 832-846.
    13. Liu, Chun, 2017. "An evaluation of China's evolving broadband policy: An ecosystem’s perspective," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 1-11.
    14. Liu, Chun & Wang, Lian, 2021. "Who is left behind? Exploring the characteristics of China's broadband non-adopting families," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(9).
    15. Liu, Xiaolu & Li, Honglin, 2016. "Ownership domination in standardization: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 225-241.
    16. Kim, Dong-hyu & Lee, Heejin & Kwak, Jooyoung & Seo, DongBack, 2014. "China׳s information security standardization: Analysis from the perspective of technical barriers to trade principles," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 592-600.
    17. Hu, Hanhui & Wan, Xing & Lv, Kui & Xu, Min, 2012. "Mapping China's 3G market with the strategic network paradigm," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 977-988.
    18. Shim, Yongwoon & Shin, Dong-Hee, 2016. "Neo-techno nationalism: The case of China’s handset industry," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 197-209.
    19. Shen, Wei, 2012. "Deconstructing the myth of Alipay Drama—Repoliticizing foreign investment in the telecommunications sector in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 929-942.
    20. Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Stauvermann, Peter Josef & Samitas, Aristeidis, 2016. "The effects of ICT⁎ on output per worker: A study of the Chinese economy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 102-115.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:telpol:v:41:y:2017:i:10:p:931-947. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30471/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.