IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/tefoso/v208y2024ics0040162524004591.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Identifying the multiple nexus between geopolitical risk, energy resilience, and carbon emissions: Evidence from global data

Author

Listed:
  • Feng, Yanchao
  • Pan, Yuxi
  • Lu, Shan
  • Shi, Jiaxin

Abstract

Under the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events and the increasingly complex geopolitical situation in recent years, how to balance the nexus between energy security, economic stability, and the achievement of sustainable development goals has gradually become the forefront of international attention. In light of this context, this paper examines the multiple nexus between geopolitical risks (GR), energy resilience (ER), and carbon emissions (PCO2) using annual panel data from 31 countries between 2000 and 2019. The second-generation unit root, cointegration tests, wavelet quantile correlation analysis, and other advanced statistical techniques are adopted to address methodological challenges effectively and avoid spurious regression. The findings consistently indicate the inhibitory effects of geopolitical risks and energy resilience on PCO2 across all quantiles and periods. And the restraining effect exhibits significant heterogeneity and asymmetry, particularly in non-emerging economies. Besides, the bidirectional causality among the three variables has been confirmed. Further, we confirm that the combined effects of energy resilience and geopolitical risks are particularly noteworthy for future carbon reduction efforts, especially in scenarios with low-ER and high-GR. In a short, the findings provide novel insights for global emissions reduction and offer specific policy recommendation to attain sustainable development goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng, Yanchao & Pan, Yuxi & Lu, Shan & Shi, Jiaxin, 2024. "Identifying the multiple nexus between geopolitical risk, energy resilience, and carbon emissions: Evidence from global data," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:208:y:2024:i:c:s0040162524004591
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123661
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162524004591
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123661?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shen, Qiong & Pan, Yuxi & Meng, Xiangxu & Ling, Xiao & Hu, Shilei & Feng, Yanchao, 2023. "How does the transition policy of mineral resource-exhausted cities affect the process of industrial upgrading? New empirical evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    2. Behnam Zakeri & Katsia Paulavets & Leonardo Barreto-Gomez & Luis Gomez Echeverri & Shonali Pachauri & Benigna Boza-Kiss & Caroline Zimm & Joeri Rogelj & Felix Creutzig & Diana Ürge-Vorsatz & David G. , 2022. "Pandemic, War, and Global Energy Transitions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.
    3. Hong, Qianqian & Cui, Linhao & Hong, Penghui, 2022. "The impact of carbon emissions trading on energy efficiency: Evidence from quasi-experiment in China's carbon emissions trading pilot," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    4. Ronnie Figueiredo & Mohammad Soliman & Alamir N. Al-Alawi & Maria José Sousa, 2022. "The Impacts of Geopolitical Risks on the Energy Sector: Micro-Level Operative Analysis in the European Union," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-12, November.
    5. Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona & Hurlin, Christophe, 2012. "Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1450-1460.
    6. Hoang, Dung Phuong & Chu, Lan Khanh & To, Trung Thanh, 2023. "How do economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and natural resources rents affect economic complexity? Evidence from advanced and emerging market economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    7. Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Lu, Zhou, 2018. "Energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from the OECD countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 27-34.
    8. Zhang, Zhenhua & Zhang, Yunpeng & Zhao, Mingcheng & Muttarak, Raya & Feng, Yanchao, 2023. "What is the global causality among renewable energy consumption, financial development, and public health? New perspective of mineral energy substitution," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    9. Bilgen, S., 2014. "Structure and environmental impact of global energy consumption," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 890-902.
    10. Joakim Westerlund & David L. Edgerton, 2007. "New Improved Tests for Cointegration with Structural Breaks," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 188-224, March.
    11. Adediran, Idris A. & Swaray, Raymond, 2023. "Carbon trading amidst global uncertainty: The role of policy and geopolitical uncertainty," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    12. Wang, Erhong & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Patel, Gupteswar & Hu, Guoheng, 2022. "Effects of institutional quality and political risk on the renewable energy consumption in the OECD countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    13. Lau, Chi Keung & Soliman, Alaa M. & Albasu, Joseph & Gozgor, Giray, 2023. "Dependence structures among geopolitical risks, energy prices, and carbon emissions prices," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    14. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2015. "Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(6-10), pages 1089-1117, December.
    15. Alam, Mehnaz Binta & Hossain, Md. Shaddam, 2024. "Investigating the connections between China's economic growth, use of renewable energy, and research and development concerning CO2 emissions: An ARDL Bound Test Approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    16. Lan-Cui Liu & Gang Wu, 2015. "Assessment of energy supply vulnerability between China and USA," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(2), pages 127-138, February.
    17. Sannamari Pilpola & Vahid Arabzadeh & Jani Mikkola & Peter D. Lund, 2019. "Analyzing National and Local Pathways to Carbon-Neutrality from Technology, Emissions, and Resilience Perspectives—Case of Finland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, March.
    18. Gu, Guangtong & Zheng, Haorong & Tong, Lingyun & Dai, Yaxian, 2022. "Does carbon financial market as an environmental regulation policy tool promote regional energy conservation and emission reduction? Empirical evidence from China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    19. Dong, Kangyin & Dong, Xiucheng & Jiang, Qingzhe & Zhao, Jun, 2021. "Assessing energy resilience and its greenhouse effect: A global perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    20. Su, Chi-Wei & Khan, Khalid & Umar, Muhammad & Zhang, Weike, 2021. "Does renewable energy redefine geopolitical risks?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    21. Zhang, Xiuhua & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Li, Ruoyao & Wang, Yihan & Wanjiru, Roseline & Seetaram, Neelu, 2024. "Determinants of carbon emissions cycles in the G7 countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    22. Pilpola, Sannamari & Lund, Peter D., 2020. "Analyzing the effects of uncertainties on the modelling of low-carbon energy system pathways," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    23. Rangan Gupta & Giray Gozgor & Huseyin Kaya & Ender Demir, 2019. "Effects of geopolitical risks on trade flows: evidence from the gravity model," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 9(4), pages 515-530, December.
    24. Falcone, Pasquale Marcello & Lopolito, Antonio & Sica, Edgardo, 2019. "Instrument mix for energy transition: A method for policy formulation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    25. Guodong Li & Yang Li & Chih-Ling Tsai, 2015. "Quantile Correlations and Quantile Autoregressive Modeling," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 110(509), pages 246-261, March.
    26. Ding, Tao & Li, Hao & Tan, Ruipeng & Zhao, Xin, 2023. "How does geopolitical risk affect carbon emissions?: An empirical study from the perspective of mineral resources extraction in OECD countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    27. Munir, Qaiser & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Smyth, Russell, 2020. "CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries: A cross-sectional dependence approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    28. Mahapatra, Bamadev & Irfan, Mohd, 2021. "Asymmetric impacts of energy efficiency on carbon emissions: A comparative analysis between developed and developing economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    29. Yu, Huaying & Wei, Wei & Li, Jinhe & Li, Ying, 2022. "The impact of green digital finance on energy resources and climate change mitigation in carbon neutrality: Case of 60 economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    30. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    31. Liu, Yang & Dong, Kangyin & Jiang, Qingzhe, 2023. "Assessing energy vulnerability and its impact on carbon emissions: A global case," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    32. Feng, Yanchao & Shoaib, Muhammad & Akram, Rabia & Alnafrah, Ibrahim & Ai, Fengyi & Irfan, Muhammad, 2024. "Assessing and prioritizing biogas energy barriers: A sustainable roadmap for energy security," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    33. Zhao, Zuoxiang & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Marco Chi Keung & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Patel, Gupteswar & Khalfaoui, Rabeh, 2023. "The impact of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand in OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    34. Liu, Yajun & Zhang, Xiuwu & Shen, Yang, 2024. "Technology-driven carbon reduction: Analyzing the impact of digital technology on China's carbon emission and its mechanism," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    35. Nepal, Rabindra & Phoumin, Han & Musibau, Hammed & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2022. "The socio-economic impacts of energy policy reform through the lens of the power sector – Does cross-sectional dependence matter?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    36. Kumar, Anoop S & Padakandla, Steven Raj, 2022. "Testing the safe-haven properties of gold and bitcoin in the backdrop of COVID-19: A wavelet quantile correlation approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    37. Chen, Limei & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Pal, Shreya & Rather, Kashif Nesar, 2023. "How does geopolitical risk affect CO2 emissions? The role of natural resource rents," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    38. Bashir, Muhammad Farhan & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Malik, Muhammad Nasir & Ma, Beiling & Wang, Jianming, 2023. "Energy transition, natural resource consumption and environmental degradation: The role of geopolitical risk in sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    39. Che, Shuai & Wang, Jun & Chen, Honghang, 2023. "Can China's decentralized energy governance reduce carbon emissions? Evidence from new energy demonstration cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    40. Pal, Shreya & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Zhao, Qiuyun & Liu, Fan & Soliman, Alaa M., 2024. "Boosting productive capacity in OECD countries: Unveiling the roles of geopolitical risk and globalization," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    41. Gugler, Klaus & Haxhimusa, Adhurim & Liebensteiner, Mario, 2023. "Carbon pricing and emissions: Causal effects of Britain's carbon tax," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    42. Wang, Shanyong & Wang, Jing & Wang, Wenfu, 2023. "Do geopolitical risks facilitate the global energy transition? Evidence from 39 countries in the world," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    43. Feng, Yanchao & Sabir, Saeed Ahmad & Quddus, Abdul & Wang, Jianxin & Abbas, Shujaat, 2024. "Do the grey clouds of geopolitical risk and political globalization exacerbate environmental degradation? Evidence from resource-rich countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    44. Fikru, Mahelet G. & Azure, Jessica W.A., 2023. "Renewable energy technologies and carbon capture retrofits are strategic complements," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    45. Qiong Shen & Rui Wu & Yuxi Pan & Yanchao Feng, 2024. "Explaining and modeling the impacts of inclusive finance on CO2 emissions in China integrated the intermediary role of energy poverty," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
    46. Ahmadi, Somayeh & Saboohi, Yadollah & Vakili, Ali, 2021. "Frameworks, quantitative indicators, characters, and modeling approaches to analysis of energy system resilience: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    47. Kangyin Dong & Xiucheng Dong & Qingzhe Jiang & Jun Zhao, 2021. "Valuing the greenhouse effect of political risks: the global case," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(31), pages 3604-3618, July.
    48. Wang, Linhui & Wang, Hui & Cao, Zhanglu & He, Yongda & Dong, Zhiqing & Wang, Shixiang, 2022. "Can industrial intellectualization reduce carbon emissions? — Empirical evidence from the perspective of carbon total factor productivity in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    49. Blomberg, S. Brock & Hess, Gregory D. & Orphanides, Athanasios, 2004. "The macroeconomic consequences of terrorism," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(5), pages 1007-1032, July.
    50. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Hussain, Jafar & Chen, Yongxiu, 2022. "The optimal behavior of renewable energy resources and government's energy consumption subsidy design from the perspective of green technology implementation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 670-680.
    51. Abbas, Shujaat & Saqib, Najia & Mohammed, Kamel Si & Sahore, Nidhi & Shahzad, Umer, 2024. "Pathways towards carbon neutrality in low carbon cities: The role of green patents, R&D and energy use for carbon emissions," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    52. Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur & Sultana, Nahid & Velayutham, Eswaran, 2022. "Renewable energy, energy intensity and carbon reduction: Experience of large emerging economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 252-265.
    53. Feng, Yanchao & Zhang, Juan & Geng, Yong & Jin, Shurui & Zhu, Ziyi & Liang, Zhou, 2023. "Explaining and modeling the reduction effect of low-carbon energy transition on energy intensity: Empirical evidence from global data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    54. Tang, Yumei & Chen, Xihui Haviour & Sarker, Provash Kumer & Baroudi, Sarra, 2023. "Asymmetric effects of geopolitical risks and uncertainties on green bond markets," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    55. Dou, Yue & Zhao, Jun & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2021. "Quantifying the impacts of energy inequality on carbon emissions in China: A household-level analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    56. Chishti, Muhammad Zubair & Arfaoui, Nadia & Cheong, Calvin W.H., 2023. "Exploring the time-varying asymmetric effects of environmental regulation policies and human capital on sustainable development efficiency: A province level evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    57. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Seyi Saint Akadiri & Joshua Sunday Riti & Ada Tony Odu, 2023. "Interaction among geopolitical risk, trade openness, economic growth, carbon emissions and Its implication on climate change in india," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(5), pages 1305-1326, August.
    58. Niu, Shuhai & Chen, Yidong & Zhang, Ruiwen & Luo, Renfu & Feng, Yanchao, 2023. "Identifying and assessing the global causality among energy poverty, educational development, and public health from a novel perspective of natural resource policy optimization," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    59. Qin, Yun & Hong, Kairong & Chen, Jinyu & Zhang, Zitao, 2020. "Asymmetric effects of geopolitical risks on energy returns and volatility under different market conditions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    60. Kuljeet Singh & Caroline Hachem-Vermette, 2022. "Techniques of Improving Infrastructure and Energy Resilience in Urban Setting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-24, August.
    61. Gong, Xiao-Li & Feng, Yong-Kang & Liu, Jian-Min & Xiong, Xiong, 2023. "Study on international energy market and geopolitical risk contagion based on complex network," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xichun Luo & Chaoming Cai & Honghao Zhao, 2024. "Study on the Evolutionary Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Patterns and Decoupling Effect of Urban Carbon Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Region Based on Neural Network Optimized by Aquila," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-23, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Zhenhua & Wu, Huangbin & Zhang, Yunpeng & Hu, Shilei & Pan, Yuxi & Feng, Yanchao, 2024. "Does digital global value chain participation reduce energy resilience? Evidence from 49 countries worldwide," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    2. Lin, Tsung-Xian & Gozgor, Giray & Rather, Kashif Nesar & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2024. "How do natural resource rents and productive capacity affect carbon emissions? Evidence from developed and developing countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Chen, Limei & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Pal, Shreya & Rather, Kashif Nesar, 2023. "How does geopolitical risk affect CO2 emissions? The role of natural resource rents," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    4. Niu, Shuhai & Chen, Yidong & Zhang, Ruiwen & Luo, Renfu & Feng, Yanchao, 2023. "Identifying and assessing the global causality among energy poverty, educational development, and public health from a novel perspective of natural resource policy optimization," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    5. Zaidi, Syed Anees Haider & Ashraf, Rana Umair & Khan, Irfan & Li, Mingxing, 2024. "Impact of natural resource depletion on energy intensity: Moderating role of globalization, financial inclusion and trade," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    6. Doğan, Buhari & Chu, Lan Khanh & Khalfaoui, Rabeh & Ghosh, Sudeshna & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2024. "Strategy towards sustainable energy transition: The effect of policy uncertainty, environmental technology and natural resources rent in the OECD nations," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    7. Chen, Zhuoyi & Liu, Yuanyuan & Zhang, Hongwei, 2024. "Can geopolitical risks impact the long-run correlation between crude oil and clean energy markets? Evidence from a regime-switching analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    8. Ibrahim Cutcu & Ali Altiner & Eda Bozkurt, 2025. "The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk on Environmental Quality: An Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis with the Novel QRPD Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-24, January.
    9. Alvarado, Rafael & Tillaguango, Brayan & Murshed, Muntasir & Ochoa-Moreno, Santiago & Rehman, Abdul & Işık, Cem & Alvarado-Espejo, Johana, 2022. "Impact of the informal economy on the ecological footprint: The role of urban concentration and globalization," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 750-767.
    10. Zhang, Zhenhua & Zhang, Yunpeng & Zhao, Mingcheng & Muttarak, Raya & Feng, Yanchao, 2023. "What is the global causality among renewable energy consumption, financial development, and public health? New perspective of mineral energy substitution," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    11. Khan, Anwar & Chenggang, Yang & Hussain, Jamal & Kui, Zhou, 2021. "Impact of technological innovation, financial development and foreign direct investment on renewable energy, non-renewable energy and the environment in belt & Road Initiative countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 479-491.
    12. Shakib, Mohammed & Yumei, Hou & Rauf, Abdul & Alam, Md. Mahmudul & Murshed, Muntasir & Mahmood, Haider, 2022. "Revisiting the energy-economy-environment relationships for attaining environmental sustainability: Evidence from Belt and Road Initiative countries," OSF Preprints ktj5n_v1, Center for Open Science.
    13. Helmi, Mohamad Husam & Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Khalfaoui, Rabeh, 2024. "The impact of geopolitical risk on sustainable markets: A quantile-time-frequency analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. Hille, Erik, 2023. "Europe's energy crisis: Are geopolitical risks in source countries of fossil fuels accelerating the transition to renewable energy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    15. Shu, Ying & Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Tillaguango, Brayan & Alvarado, Rafael & Işık, Cem & Murshed, Muntasir & Chen, Zhiguang, 2024. "Geo-political risks, uncertainty, financial development, renewable energy, and carbon intensity: Empirical evidence from countries at high geo-political risks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PB).
    16. Ullah, Sana & Gozgor, Giray & Lu, Zhou, 2024. "How do conflicts affect energy security risk? Evidence from major energy-consuming economies," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 175-187.
    17. Chen, Shuiyang & Kuang, Haibo & Bin Meng,, 2024. "The dependence structures between geopolitical risks and energy prices: New evidence from regional heterogeneity and quantile-on-quantile perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    18. Feng, Yanchao & Liu, Gaoxiang & Meng, Xiangxu & Jiang, Kai & Huang, Rongbing & Zhang, Ci & Shi, Jiaxin & Pan, Yuxi, 2024. "How does digital government affect carbon intensity at the global level? New perspective of resource allocation optimization," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    19. Mohammad Mafizur Rahman & Xuan-Binh (Benjamin) Vu & Son Nghiem, 2022. "Economic Growth in Six ASEAN Countries: Are Energy, Human Capital and Financial Development Playing Major Roles?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    20. Yao Hongxing & Olivier Joseph Abban & Alex Dankyi Boadi, 2021. "Foreign aid and economic growth: Do energy consumption, trade openness and CO2 emissions matter? A DSUR heterogeneous evidence from Africa’s trading blocs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:208:y:2024:i:c:s0040162524004591. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00401625 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.