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Spatial analysis of suicide mortality in Australia: Investigation of metropolitan-rural-remote differentials of suicide risk across states/territories

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  • Cheung, Yee Tak Derek
  • Spittal, Matthew J.
  • Pirkis, Jane
  • Yip, Paul Siu Fai

Abstract

Studies of suicide epidemiology in regions of Australia have been conducted, but the spatial pattern in the whole country has not been fully investigated. This study aimed at visualizing the sex-specific suicide pattern over the country from 2004 to 2008, and studying the metropolitan-rural-remote differentials of suicide across all states/territories. We applied a Poisson hierarchical model to yield smoothed sex specific, age standardized mortality ratios of suicide in all postal areas, and compiled the age-standardized suicide rates across different levels of remoteness and different jurisdictions. We identified the area variation of suicide risk across states/territories, and metropolitan-rural-remote differential with rates higher in rural and remote areas for males. Spatial clusters of some high risk postal areas were also identified. Socio-economic deprivation, compositional factors, high risks for Indigenous people and low access to mental health service are the underlying explanations of the elevation of suicide risk in some areas. These findings suggest that it is important to take geographical variations in suicide risk into account in national policy making. Particular suicide prevention interventions might be targeted at males living in remote areas, and some localized areas in metropolitan zones.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheung, Yee Tak Derek & Spittal, Matthew J. & Pirkis, Jane & Yip, Paul Siu Fai, 2012. "Spatial analysis of suicide mortality in Australia: Investigation of metropolitan-rural-remote differentials of suicide risk across states/territories," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(8), pages 1460-1468.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:75:y:2012:i:8:p:1460-1468
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Pearce, Jamie & Barnett, Ross & Jones, Irfon, 2007. "Have urban/rural inequalities in suicide in New Zealand grown during the period 1980-2001?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(8), pages 1807-1819, October.
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    2. Jaesang Sung & Qihua Qiu & Will Davis & Rusty Tchernis, 2022. "Design and Application of an Area-Level Suicide Risk Index with Spatial Correlation," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 161(1), pages 77-104, May.
    3. Jakobsen, Andreas Lindegaard & Lund, Rolf Lyneborg, 2022. "Neighborhood social context and suicide mortality: A multilevel register-based 5-year follow-up study of 2.7 million individuals," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    4. Lobo, Gustavo D. & De Souza Almeida, Felipe M. & Danelon, André F. & Rocha, Adauto B. & Almeida, Alexandre N., 2020. "Could the agrochemical poisoning increase suicide attempts in the Brazilian rural areas? An econometric approach using spatial analysis methods," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304593, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    5. Ewert, Rebecca, 2021. "“A country boy can survive:” Rural culture and male-targeted suicide prevention messaging," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    6. Jens Kandt & Shu-Sen Chang & Paul Yip & Ricky Burdett, 2017. "The spatial pattern of premature mortality in Hong Kong: How does it relate to public housing?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(5), pages 1211-1234, April.

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