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Age differences among Japanese on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: An ethnocultural perspective on somatization

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  • Iwata, Noboru
  • Roberts, Robert E.

Abstract

The Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was subjected to principal component (PC) analysis with oblique rotation, as well as an examination of internal consistency, using data obtained from 2,016 adult employees aged 19-63 years. Analyses focused on age differences in these psychometric properties of the CES-D. Coefficient-[alpha] was sufficiently high for all age groups but was lower than reported in U.S. studies. Positive affect items lowered internal consistency. The PC analyses extracted four factors for each age group. Depressive affect items did not group into one factor; some were combined with somatic or interpersonal items, and the remainder constituted the smallest factor. These three main factors, 'somatic + depressed', 'interpersonal + negative' and 'positive affect' were comparable across age groups except for those aged 50-63 years. For those aged 50-63 years, the first two factors were combined into a large 'general dysphoria' factor, suggesting a more unified conceptualization of depressive mood. Although 'positive affect' was stable cross-culturally, it was not related to depressive symptomatology as measured by the other items, for Japanese. The 'interpersonal + negative' appears unique for Japanese, indicating the association of interpersonal relations with depressive mood in Japanese. The effects of age-specific ethnocultural factors in Japan on depressive symptomatology are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Iwata, Noboru & Roberts, Robert E., 1996. "Age differences among Japanese on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: An ethnocultural perspective on somatization," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 43(6), pages 967-974, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:43:y:1996:i:6:p:967-974
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    Cited by:

    1. April Opoliner & Deborah Blacker & Garrett Fitzmaurice & Anne Becker, 2014. "Challenges in assessing depressive symptoms in Fiji: A psychometric evaluation of the CES-D," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(4), pages 367-376, June.
    2. Marc Blais & Ursula Hess & Andrea S. Riddle, 2002. "A Multi-Group Investigation of the CES-D's Measurement Structure Across Adolescents, Young Adults and Middle-Aged Adults," CIRANO Working Papers 2002s-36, CIRANO.
    3. Raymond Massé & Carole Poulin & Clément Dassa & Jean Lambert & Sylvie Bélair & Alex Battaglini, 1998. "The Structure of Mental Health: Higher-Order Confirmatory Factor Analyses of Psychological Distress and Well-Being Measures," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 475-504, November.
    4. Inaba, Akihide & Thoits, Peggy A. & Ueno, Koji & Gove, Walter R. & Evenson, Ranae J. & Sloan, Melissa, 2005. "Depression in the United States and Japan: Gender, marital status, and SES patterns," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(11), pages 2280-2292, December.

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