Away from home, into the fields: Assessing the health of undocumented and indigenous farmworkers

A large and growing literature argues that the agricultural labor market is stratified by ethnicity and legal status. However, other markers of distinction, such as indigeneity, may overlap with legal status to reveal additional health inequalities. Our study contributes to this scholarly dialogue by assessing the relation between indigeneity, legality, and health among immigrant-origin farmworkers from Latin America. To this end, we use data from the National Agricultural Worker Survey (N = 21,092) to examine health outcomes among indigenous and non-indigenous immigrants. Results indicate that indigenous farmworkers experience higher rates of pain—but not chronic conditions—than their non-indigenous counterparts. While undocumented farmworkers who are not indigenous exhibit especially favorable health, indigenous workers who are documented are significantly more likely to suffer from pain. Finally, there is limited evidence that differences in insurance coverage can fully explain the patterning between legal status, indigeneity, and health. This project sheds light on the well-being of indigenous migrant laborers in the U.S. food system, a population that experiences pervasive barriers to socioeconomic advancement at home and abroad.