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“We (still) charge genocide”: A systematic review and synthesis of the direct and indirect health consequences of police violence in the United States

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  • Haile, Rahwa
  • Rowell-Cunsolo, Tawandra
  • Hyacinthe, Marie-Fatima
  • Alang, Sirry

Abstract

Building on historical and contemporary efforts to eliminate police and other forms of state violence, and on the understanding that police violence is a social determinant of health, we conducted a systematic review in which we synthesize the existing literature around 1) racial disparities in police violence; 2) health impacts of direct exposure to police violence; and 3) health impacts of indirect exposure to police violence. We screened 336 studies and excluded 246, due to not meeting our inclusion criteria. Forty-eight additional studies were excluded during the full text review, resulting in a study sample size of 42 studies. Our review showed that Black people in the US are far more likely than white people to experience a range of forms of police violence: from fatal and nonfatal shootings, to assault and psychological violence. Exposure to police violence increases risk of multiple adverse health outcomes. Moreover, police violence may operate as a vicarious and ecological exposure, producing consequences beyond those directly assaulted. In order to successfully eliminate police violence, scholars must work in alignment with social justice movements.

Suggested Citation

  • Haile, Rahwa & Rowell-Cunsolo, Tawandra & Hyacinthe, Marie-Fatima & Alang, Sirry, 2023. "“We (still) charge genocide”: A systematic review and synthesis of the direct and indirect health consequences of police violence in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:322:y:2023:i:c:s0277953623001417
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115784
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    1. Bor, Jacob & Venkataramani, Atheendar & Williams, David & Tsai, Alexander, 2024. "Reply to McCrain, Adams, Nix, and Del Pozo (2024), "Reconsidering a prominent finding on the spillover effects of police killings of unarmed Black Americans"," SocArXiv 6hx5p, Center for Open Science.

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