IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v202y2018icp162-169.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Social norms and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal

Author

Listed:
  • Clark, Cari Jo
  • Ferguson, Gemma
  • Shrestha, Binita
  • Shrestha, Prabin Nanicha
  • Oakes, J. Michael
  • Gupta, Jhumka
  • McGhee, Susi
  • Cheong, Yuk Fai
  • Yount, Kathryn M.

Abstract

Social norms increasingly are the focus of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention strategies but are among the least examined contextual factors in quantitative violence research. This study assesses the within-community, between-community, and contextual effect of a new measure of social norms (PVNS: Partner Violence Norms Scale) on women's risk of IPV. Data come from baseline surveys collected from 1435 female, married, reproductive-age participants, residing in 72 wards in three districts (Chitwan, Kapilvastu, Nawalparasi) in Nepal who were enrolled in a cluster randomized trial testing the impact of a social behavioral change communication intervention designed to prevent IPV. Results of unconditional multilevel logistic regression models indicated that there was cluster-level variability in the 12-month prevalence of physical (ICC = 0.07) and sexual (ICC = 0.05) IPV. Mean PVNS scores also varied across wards. When modeled simultaneously, PVNS scores aggregated to the ward-level and at the individual-level were associated with higher odds of physical (ORind = 1.12, CI = 1.04, 1.20; ORward = 1.40, CI = 1.15, 1.72) and sexual (ORind = 1.15, CI = 1.08, 1.24; ORward = 1.47, CI = 1.24, 1.74) IPV. The contextual effect was significant in the physical (0.23, se = 0.11, t = 2.12) and sexual (0.24, se = 0.09, t = 2.64) IPV models, suggesting that the ward-level association was larger than that at the individual-level. Adjustment for covariates slightly attenuated the ward-level association and eliminated the contextual association, suggesting that individual perceptions and the collective community phenomena were equally strong predictors of women's risk of IPV and should be taken into consideration when planning interventions. PVNS is a promising measure of social norms underpinning women's risk of IPV and warrants further psychometric testing.

Suggested Citation

  • Clark, Cari Jo & Ferguson, Gemma & Shrestha, Binita & Shrestha, Prabin Nanicha & Oakes, J. Michael & Gupta, Jhumka & McGhee, Susi & Cheong, Yuk Fai & Yount, Kathryn M., 2018. "Social norms and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 162-169.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:202:y:2018:i:c:p:162-169
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.017
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027795361830073X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.017?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chata Male & Quentin Wodon, 2016. "Basic Profile of Child Marriage in Nepal," World Bank Publications - Reports 24546, The World Bank Group.
    2. Seema Vyas & Lori Heise, 2016. "How do area-level socioeconomic status and gender norms affect partner violence against women? Evidence from Tanzania," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 61(8), pages 971-980, November.
    3. Bicchieri,Cristina, 2006. "The Grammar of Society," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521574907, September.
    4. Boyle, Michael H. & Georgiades, Katholiki & Cullen, John & Racine, Yvonne, 2009. "Community influences on intimate partner violence in India: Women's education, attitudes towards mistreatment and standards of living," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 691-697, September.
    5. Koenig, M.A. & Stephenson, R. & Ahmed, S. & Jejeebhoy, S.J. & Campbell, J., 2006. "Individual and contextual determinants of domestic violence in North India," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(1), pages 132-138.
    6. Cari Jo Clark & Susan A Everson-Rose & Alvaro Alonso & Rachael A Spencer & Sonya S Brady & Michael D Resnick & Iris W Borowsky & John E Connett & Robert F Krueger & Shakira F Suglia, 2014. "Effect of Partner Violence in Adolescence and Young Adulthood on Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-7, March.
    7. Linos, N. & Slopen, N. & Subramanian, S.V. & Berkman, L. & Kawachi, I., 2013. "Influence of community social norms on spousal violence: A population-based multilevel study of Nigerian women," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(1), pages 148-155.
    8. Beydoun, Hind A. & Beydoun, May A. & Kaufman, Jay S. & Lo, Bruce & Zonderman, Alan B., 2012. "Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(6), pages 959-975.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhongwu Li, 2023. "Does intrahousehold bargaining power enhance women's marital satisfaction? A perspective from two competing forces in China," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 476-498, February.
    2. Goessmann, Katharina & Ibrahim, Hawkar & Saupe, Laura Bebra & Ismail, Azad Ali & Neuner, Frank, 2019. "The contribution of mental health and gender attitudes to intimate partner violence in the context of war and displacement: Evidence from a multi-informant couple survey in Iraq," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 1-1.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ruchira Tabassum Naved & Mahfuz Al Mamun & Kausar Parvin & Samantha Willan & Andrew Gibbs & Marat Yu & Rachel Jewkes, 2018. "Magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence against female garment workers from selected factories in Bangladesh," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Kathryn M. Yount & AliceAnn Crandall & Yuk Fai Cheong & Theresa L. Osypuk & Lisa M. Bates & Ruchira T. Naved & Sidney Ruth Schuler, 2016. "Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(6), pages 1821-1852, December.
    3. VanderEnde, Kristin E. & Yount, Kathryn M. & Dynes, Michelle M. & Sibley, Lynn M., 2012. "Community-level correlates of intimate partner violence against women globally: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(7), pages 1143-1155.
    4. Shatanjaya Dasgupta, 2019. "Attitudes About Wife-Beating and Incidence of Domestic Violence in India: An Instrumental Variables Analysis," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 647-657, December.
    5. Allison Shwachman Kaminaga & Hannah Sheldon, 2022. "Help or harm? The impact of property titling on women's acceptance of intimate partner violence," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(6), pages 1197-1212, August.
    6. Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode, Uche & Hanmer, Lucia C. & Rubiano-Matulevich, Eliana & Jimena Arango, Diana, 2022. "The effect of armed conflict on intimate partner violence: Evidence from the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    7. Faustin Habyarimana & Temesgen Zewotir & Shaun Ramroop, 2018. "Determinants of Domestic Violence in Women of Reproductive Age in Rwanda," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 10(1), pages 101-111.
    8. Ip, Melody W.S. & Manning, Matthew & Wong, Gabriel T.W. & Wong, Dennis S.W., 2020. "Exploring key risk factors of intimate partner violence among chinese college students," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    9. Seema Vyas & Lori Heise, 2016. "How do area-level socioeconomic status and gender norms affect partner violence against women? Evidence from Tanzania," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 61(8), pages 971-980, November.
    10. H Peyton Young, 2014. "The Evolution of Social Norms," Economics Series Working Papers 726, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    11. Gary Bolton & Eugen Dimant & Ulrich Schmidt, 2018. "When a Nudge Backfires. Using Observation with Social and Economic Incentives to Promote Pro-Social Behavior," PPE Working Papers 0017, Philosophy, Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    12. Erin L. Krupka & Roberto A. Weber, 2013. "Identifying Social Norms Using Coordination Games: Why Does Dictator Game Sharing Vary?," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 11(3), pages 495-524, June.
    13. Laure Kuhfuss & Raphaële Préget & Sophie Thoyer & Nick Hanley & Philippe Le Coent & Mathieu Désolé, 2016. "Nudges, Social Norms, and Permanence in Agri-environmental Schemes," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 92(4), pages 641-655.
    14. Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin & Nathalie Etchart-Vincent, 2013. "Wording and gender effects in a Game of Chicken. An explorative experimental study," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00796708, HAL.
    15. La Ferrara, Eliana & Corno, Lucia & Voena, Alessandra, 2020. "Female Genital Cutting and the Slave Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 15577, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    16. Abdurrahman Keskin, 2023. "Determinants of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence Against Women in Turkiye According to Socioeconomic and Sociodemographic Factors," Istanbul Journal of Economics-Istanbul Iktisat Dergisi, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 73(73-1), pages 587-613, June.
    17. Pandey, Shanta, 2017. "Persistent nature of child marriage among women even when it is illegal: The case of Nepal," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 242-247.
    18. Marie Claire Villeval, 2019. "Comportements (non) éthiques et stratégies morales," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 70(6), pages 1021-1046.
    19. Vincent, Michael & Koessler, Ann-Kathrin, 2019. "Moral Pluralism in Behavioural Spillovers: A cross-disciplinary account of the multiple ways in which we engage in moral valuing," EconStor Preprints 194099, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    20. Nyborg, Karine, 2011. "I don't want to hear about it: Rational ignorance among duty-oriented consumers," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 79(3), pages 263-274, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:202:y:2018:i:c:p:162-169. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/315/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.