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The link between income inequality and health in Europe, adding strength dimensions of primary care to the equation

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  • Detollenaere, Jens
  • Desmarest, Ann-Sophie
  • Boeckxstaens, Pauline
  • Willems, Sara

Abstract

Income inequality has been clearly associated with reduced population health. A body of evidence suggests that a strong primary care system may mitigate this negative association. The aim of this study is to assess the strength of the primary care system's effect on the inverse association between income inequality and health in Europe. Health is operationalised using four cross-sectional outcomes: self-rated health, life expectancy, mental well-being, and infant mortality. Strength of the primary care system is measured using the framework of the Primary Health Care Activity Monitor Europe, and income inequality by the Gini coefficient. Multiple regression models with interaction terms were used. The results confirm that especially the structure and continuity dimension of primary care strength can buffer the inverse association between income inequality and health. European policymakers should therefore focus on strengthening primary care systems in order to reduce inequity in health.

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  • Detollenaere, Jens & Desmarest, Ann-Sophie & Boeckxstaens, Pauline & Willems, Sara, 2018. "The link between income inequality and health in Europe, adding strength dimensions of primary care to the equation," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 103-110.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:201:y:2018:i:c:p:103-110
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.041
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    5. Martin, Lisa & Baten, Joerg, 2022. "Inequality and Life Expectancy in Africa and Asia, 1820‐2000," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 40-59.
    6. Mihai PĂUNICĂ & Alexandru MANOLE & Cătălina MOTOFEI & Gabriela - Lidia TĂNASE, 2020. "Life Expectancy from the Perspective of Global and Individual Wealth and Expenditures: A Granger Causality Study of Some Eu Countries," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 170-184, December.
    7. Ryan, Megan & Gallagher, Stephen & Jetten, Jolanda & Muldoon, Orla T., 2022. "State level income inequality affects cardiovascular stress responses: Evidence from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    8. Encarnación Álvarez-Verdejo & Pablo J. Moya-Fernández & Juan F. Muñoz-Rosas, 2021. "Single Imputation Methods and Confidence Intervals for the Gini Index," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(24), pages 1-20, December.

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