IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v199y2018icp67-76.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

At the intersection of place, race, and health in Brazil: Residential segregation and cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Author

Listed:
  • Barber, Sharrelle
  • Diez Roux, Ana V.
  • Cardoso, Letícia
  • Santos, Simone
  • Toste, Veronica
  • James, Sherman
  • Barreto, Sandhi
  • Schmidt, Maria
  • Giatti, Luana
  • Chor, Dora

Abstract

Residential segregation is the spatial manifestation of entrenched socioeconomic and racial inequities and is considered a fundamental cause of racial inequalities in health. Despite the well-documented racialized spatial inequalities that exist in urban areas throughout Brazil, few empirical investigations have examined the link between residential segregation and health and considered its implications for racial health inequalities in this setting. In the present study, we used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (2008–2010) to examine the association between economic residential segregation and two major cardio-metabolic risk factors—hypertension and diabetes. We also examined whether associations were stronger for historically marginalized racial groups in Brazil. Residential segregation was calculated for study-defined neighborhoods using the Getis-Ord Local Gi* statistic and was based on household income data from the 2010 IBGE demographic census. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations. In our sample, Blacks and Browns were more likely to live in economically segregated neighborhoods. After taking into account income, education, and other demographic characteristics we found that individuals living in the most economically segregated neighborhoods were 26% more likely to have hypertension and 50% more likely to have diabetes than individuals living in more affluent areas. Although Blacks and Browns living in highly segregated neighborhoods had higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared to Whites, we observed no statistically significant racial differences in the associations with residential segregation. Our findings suggest that residential segregation may be an important structural determinant of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Brazil. Moreover, the systematic and disproportionate exposure of Blacks and Browns to highly segregated neighborhoods may implicate these settings as potential drivers of racial inequalities in cardio-metabolic risk factors in urban settings in Brazil.

Suggested Citation

  • Barber, Sharrelle & Diez Roux, Ana V. & Cardoso, Letícia & Santos, Simone & Toste, Veronica & James, Sherman & Barreto, Sandhi & Schmidt, Maria & Giatti, Luana & Chor, Dora, 2018. "At the intersection of place, race, and health in Brazil: Residential segregation and cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 67-76.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:199:y:2018:i:c:p:67-76
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.047
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953617303489
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.047?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Edward Telles & Nelson Lim, 1998. "Does it matter who answers the race question? Racial classification and income inequality in Brazil," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 35(4), pages 465-474, November.
    2. Oakes, J. Michael, 2004. "The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(10), pages 1929-1952, May.
    3. Leticia Marteleto, 2012. "Erratum to: Educational Inequality by Race in Brazil, 1982–2007: Structural Changes and Shifts in Racial Classification," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 1155-1155, August.
    4. Gaskin, D.J. & Thorpe, R.J., Jr. & McGinty, E.E. & Bower, K. & Rohde, C. & Young, J.H. & LaVeist, T.A. & Dubay, L., 2014. "Disparities in diabetes: The nexus of race, poverty, and place," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(11), pages 2147-2155.
    5. Leticia Marteleto, 2012. "Educational Inequality by Race in Brazil, 1982–2007: Structural Changes and Shifts in Racial Classification," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(1), pages 337-358, February.
    6. Bécares, L. & Shaw, R. & Nazroo, J. & Stafford, M. & Albor, C. & Atkin, K. & Kiernan, K. & Wilkinson, R. & Pickett, K., 2012. "Ethnic density effects on physical morbidity, mortality, and health behaviors: A systematic review of the literature," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(12), pages 33-66.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Paloma Merodio Gómez & Olivia Jimena Juarez Carrillo & Monika Kuffer & Dana R. Thomson & Jose Luis Olarte Quiroz & Elio Villaseñor García & Sabine Vanhuysse & Ángela Abascal & Isaac Oluoch & Michael N, 2021. "Earth Observations and Statistics: Unlocking Sociodemographic Knowledge through the Power of Satellite Images," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Fong, Ted Chun Tat & Ho, Rainbow Tin Hung & Yip, Paul Siu Fai, 2019. "Effects of urbanization on metabolic syndrome via dietary intake and physical activity in Chinese adults: Multilevel mediation analysis with latent centering," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 234(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Susanna Caminada & Federica Turatto & Silvia Iorio & Lorenzo Paglione & Miriam Errigo & Elena Mazzalai & Anissa Jaljaa & Dara Giannini & Marco Tofani & Maria Benedetta Michelazzo & Adelaide Landi & Ma, 2021. "Urban Health and Social Marginality: Perceived Health Status and Interaction with Healthcare Professionals of a Hard-to-Reach Community Living in a Suburban Area of Rome (Italy)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-14, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Natália S. Bueno & Thad Dunning, 2016. "Race, resources, and representation: Evidence from Brazilian politicians," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2016-144, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Jerônimo Muniz & Stanley R. Bailey, 2022. "Does race response shift impact racial inequality?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 47(30), pages 935-966.
    3. Andrew M. Francis & Maria Tannuri-Pianto, 2013. "Endogenous Race in Brazil: Affirmative Action and the Construction of Racial Identity among Young Adults," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 61(4), pages 731-753.
    4. Aaron Gullickson & Florencia Torche, 2014. "Patterns of Racial and Educational Assortative Mating in Brazil," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 835-856, June.
    5. Letícia J. Marteleto & Molly Dondero, 2016. "Racial Inequality in Education in Brazil: A Twins Fixed-Effects Approach," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(4), pages 1185-1205, August.
    6. Perreira, Krista M. & Telles, Edward E., 2014. "The color of health: Skin color, ethnoracial classification, and discrimination in the health of Latin Americans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 241-250.
    7. Andrew Francis-Tan & Zheng Mu, 2019. "Racial Revolution: Understanding the Resurgence of Ethnic Minority Identity in Modern China," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 38(5), pages 733-769, October.
    8. Mauricio Reis, 2017. "Fields of Study and the Earnings Gap by Race in Brazil," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 756-785, August.
    9. Koppensteiner, Martin Foureaux & Matheson, Jesse, 2019. "Secondary School Enrolment and Teenage Childbearing: Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities," IZA Discussion Papers 12504, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Li, Kelin & Wen, Ming & Henry, Kevin A., 2017. "Ethnic density, immigrant enclaves, and Latino health risks: A propensity score matching approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 44-52.
    11. Veras, Henrique, 2022. "Wrong place, wrong time: The long-run effects of in-utero exposure to malaria on educational attainment," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    12. Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez & Eduardo M. Medina-Cortina, 2019. "Skin Color and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(1), pages 321-343, February.
    13. Castro Aristizabal, Geovanny & Giménez, Gregorio & Pérez Ximénez-de-Embún, Domingo, 2018. "Estimation of factors conditioning the acquisition of academic skills in Latin America in the presence of endogeneity," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
    14. Andreia Maria Araújo Drummond & Efigênia Ferreira Ferreira & Viviane Elisangela Gomes & Wagner Marcenes, 2015. "Inequality of Experience of Dental Caries between Different Ethnic Groups of Brazilians Aged 15 to 19 Years," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-9, December.
    15. Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner & Jesse Matheson, 2016. "Access to Education and Teenage Pregnancy," CINCH Working Paper Series 1604, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Competent in Competition and Health, revised Aug 2016.
    16. Guilherme Strifezzi Leal & Ã lvaro Choi, 2021. "Racial quotas in higher education and pre-college academic performance: Evidence from Brazil," UB School of Economics Working Papers 2021/411, University of Barcelona School of Economics.
    17. Paolo Veneri & Andre Comandon & Miquel‐Àngel Garcia‐López & Michiel N. Daams, 2021. "What do divided cities have in common? An international comparison of income segregation," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 162-188, January.
    18. Aliya Saperstein & Aaron Gullickson, 2013. "A “Mulatto Escape Hatch” in the United States? Examining Evidence of Racial and Social Mobility During the Jim Crow Era," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(5), pages 1921-1942, October.
    19. Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner & Jesse Matheson, 2016. "Access to education and teenage childbearing," Discussion Papers in Economics 16/15, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
    20. Jonathan L. Blitstein & David M. Murray & Peter J. Hannan & William R. Shadish, 2005. "Increasing the Degrees of Freedom in Future Group Randomized Trials," Evaluation Review, , vol. 29(3), pages 268-286, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:199:y:2018:i:c:p:67-76. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/315/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.