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Exploring stigmatisation among people diagnosed with either bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder: A critical realist analysis

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  • Bonnington, Oliver
  • Rose, Diana

Abstract

This study explores experiences of stigma and discrimination amongst people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD). Inspired by Margaret Archer's morphogenetic sequence and the ontological depth of critical realism, a temporal framework for stigmatisation, incorporating structure and agency, is developed and used to situate these experiences. A literature review found very little existing research on the subjective experience of stigma amongst these diagnostic groups. Indeed, most mental illness stigma research is quantitative and focussed on schizophrenia and depression. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty-nine people diagnosed with BD or BPD, along with five ‘friendship’ mini-focus groups within the UK. Participants were recruited via charities and participant networking. Using thematic analysis, along with abductive and retroductive inference, experiences and anticipation of stigma and discrimination for participants with one of the two diagnoses in various contexts of social interaction were found to coincide with ‘four faces’ of oppression: cultural imperialism (pathologisation, normalisation and stereotyping), powerlessness, marginalisation and violence. Such experiences implied a range of antecedent social and cultural structures. Implications for the stigma concept are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Bonnington, Oliver & Rose, Diana, 2014. "Exploring stigmatisation among people diagnosed with either bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder: A critical realist analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 7-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:123:y:2014:i:c:p:7-17
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.048
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Link, B.G. & Phelan, J.C. & Bresnahan, M. & Stueve, A. & Pescosolido, B.A., 1999. "Public conceptions of mental illness: Labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(9), pages 1328-1333.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hannah Sheppard & Boris Bizumic & Alison Calear, 2023. "Prejudice toward people with borderline personality disorder: Application of the prejudice toward people with mental illness framework," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(5), pages 1213-1222, August.
    2. Lynn Tang, 2019. "The double hazard in recovery journey: The experiences of UK Chinese users of mental health services," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(4), pages 271-278, June.
    3. Guise, Andy, 2024. "Stigma power in practice: Exploring the contribution of Bourdieu's theory to stigma, discrimination and health research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 347(C).
    4. Andrew Shepherd & Caroline Sanders & Michael Doyle & Jenny Shaw, 2016. "Personal recovery in personality disorder: Systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative methods studies," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 62(1), pages 41-50, February.
    5. Sulzer, Sandra H., 2015. "Does “difficult patient” status contribute to de facto demedicalization? The case of borderline personality disorder," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 82-89.

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