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Stigma and prejudice: One animal or two?

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  • Phelan, Jo C.
  • Link, Bruce G.
  • Dovidio, John F.

Abstract

In light of increasing cross-communication and possible coalescence of conceptual models of stigma and prejudice, we reviewed 18 key models in order to explore commonalities and possible distinctions between prejudice and stigma. We arrive at two conclusions. First, the two sets of models have much in common (representing "one animal"); most differences are a matter of focus and emphasis. Second, one important distinction is in the type of human characteristics that are the primary focus of models of prejudice (race) and stigma (deviant behavior and identities, and disease and disabilities). This led us to develop a typology of three functions of stigma and prejudice: exploitation and domination (keeping people down); norm enforcement (keeping people in); and disease avoidance (keeping people away). We argue that attention to these functions will enhance our understanding of stigma and prejudice and our ability to reduce them.

Suggested Citation

  • Phelan, Jo C. & Link, Bruce G. & Dovidio, John F., 2008. "Stigma and prejudice: One animal or two?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(3), pages 358-367, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:67:y:2008:i:3:p:358-367
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Parker, Richard & Aggleton, Peter, 2003. "HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and implications for action," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 13-24, July.
    2. Amy C. Watson & Victor Ottati & Patrick Corrigan, 2003. "From Whence Comes Mental Illness Stigma?," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 49(2), pages 142-157, June.
    3. Yang, Lawrence Hsin & Kleinman, Arthur & Link, Bruce G. & Phelan, Jo C. & Lee, Sing & Good, Byron, 2007. "Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(7), pages 1524-1535, April.
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