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Towards sustainable wood procurement in forest industry – The energy efficiency of larger and heavier vehicles in Finland

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  • Palander, Teijo
  • Haavikko, Hanna
  • Kärhä, Kalle

Abstract

A third of the final energy demand and almost a fifth of total emissions in the European Union is caused by road transportation. Advanced biofuels and larger and heavier vehicles have been seen in the literature as one potential logistics solution with which to improve the energy efficiency of the forest industry. The Finnish government aims to create a 100% carbon-neutral energy base by the year 2045, emphasizing the country's renewable forests as a source for energy and biofuel cycles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the local biofuel cycling through larger and heavier vehicles may affect the sustainability of wood procurement in the industrial ecosystem by focusing on transport efficiency, cost-efficiency and energy efficiency. The paper presents a quantitative energy-performance analysis from the optimization of results of the multi-objective dynamic biofuel cycle model. Goal programming enables the energy management solution for three biofuel scenarios of larger and heavier vehicles in the 100% carbon-neutral wood procurement of decentralized energy production. Since the basic scenario in 2013, there has been an upward trend in the average payload weight and a transition in 7- to 9-axle vehicle combinations. While the increase in energy efficiency is significant, it is less than half of the government's maximum scenario estimated prior to the regulations. The novelty of this study is in providing the impacts of the local biofuel cycles (5%, 15% and 30%) on the energy efficiency of road freight transportation to create a 100% carbon-neutral energy base for Finland. Furthermore, the results also provide decision support to the ongoing policy debate towards the 100% sustainable wood supply and/or wood procurement of the industrial ecosystems in Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Palander, Teijo & Haavikko, Hanna & Kärhä, Kalle, 2018. "Towards sustainable wood procurement in forest industry – The energy efficiency of larger and heavier vehicles in Finland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 100-118.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:96:y:2018:i:c:p:100-118
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.043
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    1. Teijo Palander & Stelian Alexandru Borz & Kalle Kärhä, 2021. "Impacts of Road Infrastructure on the Environmental Efficiency of High Capacity Transportation in Harvesting of Renewable Wood Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Rocsana Bucea-Manea-Țoniș & Oliva Maria Dourado Martins & Dragan Ilic & Mădălina Belous & Radu Bucea-Manea-Țoniș & Cezar Braicu & Violeta-Elena Simion, 2020. "Green and Sustainable Public Procurement—An Instrument for Nudging Consumer Behavior. A Case Study on Romanian Green Public Agriculture across Different Sectors of Activity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-25, December.
    3. Teijo Palander, 2023. "Data-Driven Internal Carbon Pricing Mechanism for Improving Wood Procurement in Integrated Energy and Material Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Teijo Palander & Hanna Haavikko & Emma Kortelainen & Kalle Kärhä, 2020. "Comparison of Energy Efficiency Indicators of Road Transportation for Modeling Environmental Sustainability in “Green” Circular Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Francesco Calise & Maria Vicidomini & Mário Costa & Qiuwang Wang & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Neven Duić, 2019. "Toward an Efficient and Sustainable Use of Energy in Industries and Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-28, August.
    6. Teijo Palander, 2023. "Modeling Techno-Economic Wood Procurement from Renewable Forests for the Sustainable Energy Supply of a CHP Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, December.
    7. Baburam Rijal & Luc LeBel & Shuva H. Gautam & Pierre Cantegril, 2020. "A Sequential Optimization Approach in Tactical Planning for Value Creation in the Forest Products Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, June.
    8. Prinz, Robert & Väätäinen, Kari & Laitila, Juha & Sikanen, Lauri & Asikainen, Antti, 2019. "Analysis of energy efficiency of forest chip supply systems using discrete-event simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1369-1380.
    9. Teijo Palander & Kalle Kärhä, 2019. "Improving Energy Efficiency in a Synchronized Road-Transportation System by Using a TFMC (Transportation Fleet-Management Control) in Finland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, February.
    10. Teijo Palander & Jari Takkinen, 2021. "The Optimum Wood Procurement Scenario and Its Dynamic Management for Integrated Energy and Material Production in Carbon-Neutral Forest Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, July.
    11. Moktadir, Md Abdul & Ali, Syed Mithun & Jabbour, Charbel Jose Chiappetta & Paul, Ananna & Ahmed, Sobur & Sultana, Razia & Rahman, Towfique, 2019. "Key factors for energy-efficient supply chains: Implications for energy policy in emerging economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).

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