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Energy–water nexus analysis in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region: Case of electricity sector

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  • Sun, Li
  • Pan, Bolin
  • Gu, Alun
  • Lu, Hui
  • Wang, Wei

Abstract

Water shortage can constrain energy development and use, and climate change partially caused by energy consumption can profoundly affect the quantity and distribution of water resources worldwide. The chronic water shortage in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China is likely to worsen under the impact of global climate change. The coal-dominated electricity sector will continuously have a high water demand. This reality will intensify the dilemma between water supply and power generation. This paper presents an adaptability analysis of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in 2013–2030 based on the current situation. Water evaluation and planning and long-range energy alternative planning systems are used to simulate changes in water and energy systems, respectively, and the impacts on the electricity sector under two climate scenarios and three development scenarios. On this basis, this study explores the potential of power structure adjustment and technological advancement in easing baseline water stress and promoting sustainable development in the region. Findings show that the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is under high water stress, which will be aggravated under global climate change. In representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, the baseline water stress of the region in 2017–2030 averages 259% and 494%, and the annual unmet water demand reaches 15.3 and 21.1 billion m3, respectively. In the renewable energy and advanced technology scenarios, the regional water savings are expected to reach 200–250 million m3 by 2030. The unmet water demand of power generation can be alleviated to some extent, but the water shortage trend cannot be reversed. Therefore, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region should develop an overall plan and layout of energy and water resources and adopt a combination of policy instruments to support the expansion of renewable energy or promote advanced power generation technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Li & Pan, Bolin & Gu, Alun & Lu, Hui & Wang, Wei, 2018. "Energy–water nexus analysis in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region: Case of electricity sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 27-34.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:93:y:2018:i:c:p:27-34
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.111
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    2. Liu, J. & Nie, S. & Shan, B.G. & Li, Y.P. & Huang, G.H. & Liu, Z.P., 2019. "Development of an interval-credibility-chance constrained energy-water nexus system planning model—a case study of Xiamen, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 677-693.
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    4. Liang, M.S. & Huang, G.H. & Chen, J.P. & Li, Y.P., 2022. "Energy-water-carbon nexus system planning: A case study of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    5. Suo, C. & Li, Y.P. & Mei, H. & Lv, J. & Sun, J. & Nie, S., 2021. "Towards sustainability for China's energy system through developing an energy-climate-water nexus model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Ding, Tao & Liang, Liang & Zhou, Kaile & Yang, Min & Wei, Yuqi, 2020. "Water-energy nexus: The origin, development and prospect," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 419(C).
    7. Yang Wei & Boyang Sun, 2021. "Optimizing Water Use Structures in Resource-Based Water-Deficient Regions Using Water Resources Input–Output Analysis: A Case Study in Hebei Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    8. Feng, Cuiyang & Tang, Xu & Jin, Yi & Guo, Yuhua & Zhang, Xiaochuan, 2019. "Regional energy-water nexus based on structural path betweenness: A case study of Shanxi Province, China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 102-112.
    9. Ding, Yakui & Li, Yongping & Zheng, Heran & Meng, Jing & Lv, Jing & Huang, Guohe, 2022. "Identifying critical energy-water paths and clusters within the urban agglomeration using machine learning algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    10. Gao, Tong & Fang, Delin & Chen, Bin, 2020. "Multi-regional input-output and linkage analysis for water-PM2.5 nexus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    11. Lv, J. & Li, Y.P. & Huang, G.H. & Suo, C. & Mei, H. & Li, Y., 2020. "Quantifying the impact of water availability on China's energy system under uncertainties: A perceptive of energy-water nexus," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    12. Sharifzadeh, Mahdi & Hien, Raymond Khoo Teck & Shah, Nilay, 2019. "China’s roadmap to low-carbon electricity and water: Disentangling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity-water nexus via renewable wind and solar power generation, and carbon capture and sto," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 31-42.
    13. Cássia Juliana Fernandes Torres & Camilla Hellen Peixoto de Lima & Bárbara Suzart de Almeida Goodwin & Terencio Rebello de Aguiar Junior & Andrea Sousa Fontes & Daniel Veras Ribeiro & Rodrigo Saldanha, 2019. "A Literature Review to Propose a Systematic Procedure to Develop “Nexus Thinking” Considering the Water–Energy–Food Nexus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-32, December.
    14. Wang, Saige & Chen, Bin, 2021. "Unraveling energy–water nexus paths in urban agglomeration: A case study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    15. Schlör, Holger & Märker, Carolin & Venghaus, Sandra, 2021. "Developing a nexus systems thinking test –A qualitative multi- and mixed methods analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).

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