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Prospects of microalgal biodiesel production in Pakistan – A review

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  • Ali, Mehmood
  • Sultana, Razia
  • Tahir, Sadia
  • Watson, Ian A.
  • Saleem, Muhammad

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative, renewable, biodegradable and environmentally friendly fuel for transportation, with properties like petroleum-derived diesel, and can be used directly in a compression ignition engine without any modifications. The world's fossil fuel and crude oil reserves are going to dry up in the next few decades, but, contrariwise, an attractive, high quality, readily available and economically extractable oil from microalgae is a substitute feedstock to produce alternative biodiesel fuel for the transportation sector in the future. Microalgae have a higher biomass productivity (tons/hectare/year) and lipid yield (kg/kg of algal biomass) as compared to vegetable oil crops. To overcome the problem of energy deficiency in developing countries, like Pakistan, and boost their economic growth, alternative fuels are proving very important for environment-friendly and sustainable development, especially in the last few decades. Different research studies on microalgae cultivation, characterization of microalgae oil (lipids), and evaluations of its socio-economic feasibility to produce renewable biodiesel have been conducted in the past in Pakistan for its future prospects. This review paper includes the overall summary and compilation of the microalgae research conducted in Pakistan on biodiesel production and includes the algal biodiesel production cost analysis. The studies showed promising results for harnessing microalgae and using its lipids to produce biodiesel with favourable properties that were comparable to the conventional diesel in Pakistan. The information related to the microalgae research will help stakeholders and governmental organisations working in the renewable energy sector to consider its cultivation on a large scale, using waste water as a feedstock to produce biodiesel to meet the target set by the Government of Pakistan of using 10% blended biodiesel by the year 2025 in Pakistan.

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  • Ali, Mehmood & Sultana, Razia & Tahir, Sadia & Watson, Ian A. & Saleem, Muhammad, 2017. "Prospects of microalgal biodiesel production in Pakistan – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1588-1596.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:80:y:2017:i:c:p:1588-1596
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Krishnamoorthi, M. & Malayalamurthi, R. & Sakthivel, R., 2019. "Optimization of compression ignition engine fueled with diesel - chaulmoogra oil - diethyl ether blend with engine parameters and exhaust gas recirculation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 579-602.
    2. Yousaf Raza, Muhammad & Lin, Boqiang, 2021. "Oil for Pakistan: What are the main factors affecting the oil import?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    3. Goh, Brandon Han Hoe & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Cheah, Mei Yee & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Yu, Kai Ling & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2019. "Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 59-74.

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