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Exploring the use of deep level gold mines in South Africa for underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage schemes

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  • Winde, Frank
  • Kaiser, Friederike
  • Erasmus, Ewald

Abstract

This paper explores the viability of deep level gold mines in the Far West Rand (FWR) gold field, South Africa (SA), for underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage (UPHES). Ultra-deep, non-flooded shafts, extensive underground storage space, and abundance of water from an overlying karst aquifer make gold mines in the FWR exceptionally suitable for UPHES. With generating capacities ranging from 0.5 to over 1.5Gigawatts per plant, UPHESs are not only of potential significance to local gold mines suffering from frequent power cuts, but also for closing the peak load shortfall of the national grid as well as for storing surplus energy from the rapidly growing renewable energy sector. Furthermore, UPHES systems are able to avert large future expenditure for post-closure mine water management by preventing the flooding of mine voids in an ecologically and economically sustainable manner. Moreover, UPHES provides two of the most critical elements for a successful post-closure development of former mining towns: energy and water. It protects scarce water resources in the semi-arid region and generates peak-demand electricity. Using an example of a gold mine located in the water-rich part of the FWR, this study found that UPHES is both, technically feasible and economically viable. It is strongly recommended to conduct a more detailed follow-up study as a base for establishing the world's first reference plant in SA.

Suggested Citation

  • Winde, Frank & Kaiser, Friederike & Erasmus, Ewald, 2017. "Exploring the use of deep level gold mines in South Africa for underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage schemes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 668-682.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:78:y:2017:i:c:p:668-682
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.116
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    4. Gao, Renbo & Wu, Fei & Zou, Quanle & Chen, Jie, 2022. "Optimal dispatching of wind-PV-mine pumped storage power station: A case study in Lingxin Coal Mine in Ningxia Province, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    5. Vasudevan, Krishnakumar R. & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Venugopal, Gomathi & Ekanayake, J.B. & Tiong, S.K., 2021. "Variable speed pumped hydro storage: A review of converters, controls and energy management strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Fan, Jinyang & Xie, Heping & Chen, Jie & Jiang, Deyi & Li, Cunbao & Ngaha Tiedeu, William & Ambre, Julien, 2020. "Preliminary feasibility analysis of a hybrid pumped-hydro energy storage system using abandoned coal mine goafs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    7. Estanislao Pujades & Philippe Orban & Pierre Archambeau & Vasileios Kitsikoudis & Sebastien Erpicum & Alain Dassargues, 2020. "Underground Pumped-Storage Hydropower (UPSH) at the Martelange Mine (Belgium): Interactions with Groundwater Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, May.

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