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Assessing the brake particle emissions for sustainable transport: A review

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Yachao
  • Yin, Hang
  • Yang, Zhengjun
  • Su, Sheng
  • Hao, Lijun
  • Tan, Jianwei
  • Wang, Xin
  • Niu, Zhihui
  • Ge, Yunshan

Abstract

Particles emitted during braking account for a significant proportion of transport-related particles. The brake particles are still beyond supervision because no mandatory regulations were introduced to control the brake particle emissions. Many studies have been conducted about the brake particles, but the materials & methods used by these studies vary a lot, thus reducing the result comparability among these studies. This paper reviewed brake particle emissions from four aspects: experimental methods, emission characteristics, influencing factors, and future works. Six experimental methods corresponding to different application scenarios are summarized, and these methods require different modifications, skills, and expenses. Whatever the experimental methods, the sampling method needs careful design to reduce the particle transport loss and to ensure particle sampling efficiency. The reported brake particle emissions could exceed the sixth stage exhaust emission regulation (both EU and China), depending on the test procedures, friction materials, and data processing. The brake particle covers a broad size distribution (from a few nanometers to tens of microns), and more studies are needed about its physicochemical characteristics. The friction materials, system running-in, and friction temperature will significantly affect the brake particle emission characteristics, and these factors should be considered when designing the study procedure. The patterns about gaseous emission and non-brake particle emission need more attention, as these patterns might be helpful to understand the brake particle emission characteristics. Some filter&collection-based brake particle after-treatments have also been invented. Future studies should focus on the homogeneous test procedure, mechanism analysis, after-treatment, and non-airborne wear et al.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Yachao & Yin, Hang & Yang, Zhengjun & Su, Sheng & Hao, Lijun & Tan, Jianwei & Wang, Xin & Niu, Zhihui & Ge, Yunshan, 2022. "Assessing the brake particle emissions for sustainable transport: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:167:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122006256
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112737
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Su, Sheng & Ge, Yang & Hou, Pan & Wang, Xin & Wang, Yachao & Lyu, Tao & Luo, Wanyou & Lai, Yitu & Ge, Yunshan & Lyu, Liqun, 2021. "China VI heavy-duty moving average window (MAW) method: Quantitative analysis of the problem, causes, and impacts based on the real driving data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    2. Tuo Zhang & Sungjin Choi & Seoyeon Ahn & Chanhyuk Nam & Geesoo Lee, 2021. "Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yachao & Li, Jiachen & Yin, Hang & Yang, Zhengjun & Zhong, Chongzhi & Sun, Jiaxin & Hu, Yuekun & Li, Zhenguo & Shao, Yuankai & Zhang, Li & Du, Tianqiang & Ge, Yunshan, 2023. "A new method to assess vehicle airborne non-exhaust particles: Principle, application and emission evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).

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