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Adoption and diffusion of renewable energy – The case of biogas as alternative fuel for cooking in Pakistan

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  • Yasmin, Nazia
  • Grundmann, Philipp

Abstract

Alternative energy technologies such as biogas are being promoted, but despite the significant potential and efforts to implement these technologies, only small numbers of households have succeeded in the transition towards these alternative energy sources. Moreover, sustainability and the functionality of alternative energy technologies remain unknown. The study aims to explore the socioeconomic constraints in the adoption and diffusion of biogas as alternative fuel for cooking in households in rural Pakistan and access the impact of biogas technology adoption on income, crop productivity and fuel consumption and drudgery. The study has also scrutinized the factors affecting the continuity of the biogas plants. Our analysis adds to the limited literature of adoption of biogas and the transition towards alternative fuel sources in the Global South. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 630 biogas adopters and non-adopters from three districts of Punjab. The empirical results from logit model and propensity score matching approach indicate that the older, wealthy farmers are more likely to adopt biogas technology. Cook's education, structure of house, location of kitchen and access to credit institutions also play positive role in this process. Poor operational methods, lack of maintenance and training facilities were the main reasons for the functional failure of existing plants and reason for the discontinuation. Moreover, biogas adoption has positive and significant impact on income and crop revenues and has negative impact on fuelwood expenditures and collection time. Due to the multidimensional nature of the problem, a comprehensive remedial approach addressing the socio-technical factors identified in the study and considering all stakeholders’ cooperation could solve the existing lock-in situation in the ongoing implementation of biogas production and the transition towards alternative fuel sources.

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  • Yasmin, Nazia & Grundmann, Philipp, 2019. "Adoption and diffusion of renewable energy – The case of biogas as alternative fuel for cooking in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 255-264.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:101:y:2019:i:c:p:255-264
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.011
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    5. Hossain, Md. Sanowar & Masuk, Nahid Imtiaz & Das, Barun K. & Das, Arnob & Kibria, Md. Golam & Chowdhury, Miftahul Mobin & Shozib, Imtiaz Ahmed, 2023. "Theoretical estimation of energy potential and environmental emissions mitigation for major livestock manure in Bangladesh," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    6. Shu Wu, 2021. "The Health Impact of Household Cooking Fuel Choice on Women: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, November.
    7. Muhammad U. Khan & Muhammad Ahmad & Muhammad Sultan & Ihsanullah Sohoo & Prakash C. Ghimire & Azlan Zahid & Abid Sarwar & Muhammad Farooq & Uzair Sajjad & Peyman Abdeshahian & Maryam Yousaf, 2021. "Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    8. Elahi, Ehsan & Khalid, Zainab & Zhang, Zhixin, 2022. "Understanding farmers’ intention and willingness to install renewable energy technology: A solution to reduce the environmental emissions of agriculture," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    9. Nazia Yasmin & Philipp Grundmann, 2019. "Pre- and Post-Adoption Beliefs about the Diffusion and Continuation of Biogas-Based Cooking Fuel Technology in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-16, August.
    10. Ahmad, Munir & Wu, Yiyun, 2022. "Household-based factors affecting uptake of biogas plants in Bangladesh: Implications for sustainable development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 858-867.
    11. Jabeen, Gul & Ahmad, Munir & Zhang, Qingyu, 2021. "Perceived critical factors affecting consumers’ intention to purchase renewable generation technologies: Rural-urban heterogeneity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).

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