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Extremum seeking control for efficient operation of hybrid ground source heat pump system

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  • Hu, Bin
  • Li, Yaoyu
  • Mu, Baojie
  • Wang, Shaojie
  • Seem, John E.
  • Cao, Feng

Abstract

The Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems combine the renewable geothermal energy and cooling tower for rejecting the cooling load, which is often adopted for high cooling demand. Model based control can be limited due to variations in ambient conditions, ground-loop heat exchanger (GHE) and equipment characteristics, cost and reliability of sensors. A self-optimizing control scheme is proposed for efficient operation of the hybrid GSHP based on Extremum Seeking Control (ESC), with feedback of the total power consumption and the control inputs of the relative flow rate of cooling tower and the water pump speed. The cooling capacity of the heat pump regulates the evaporator leaving water at 7 °C. A Modelica based dynamic simulation model is developed for a Hybrid GSHP system, with the vertical GHE model adopted from Modelica Buildings Library. The transient heat transfer is implemented with a finite volume method inside and outside the borehole. The proposed ESC scheme is evaluated under the scenarios of fixed cooling load, ramp change in the evaporator inlet water temperature, diurnal sinusoidal cycle of air wet-bulb temperature, and realistic ambient and cooling load condition. Simulation results show the proposed ESC strategy effectively achieves nearly optimal efficiency without the need for plant model.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Bin & Li, Yaoyu & Mu, Baojie & Wang, Shaojie & Seem, John E. & Cao, Feng, 2016. "Extremum seeking control for efficient operation of hybrid ground source heat pump system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 332-346.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:86:y:2016:i:c:p:332-346
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.092
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Liu, Zhijian & Xu, Wei & Zhai, Xue & Qian, Cheng & Chen, Xi, 2017. "Feasibility and performance study of the hybrid ground-source heat pump system for one office building in Chinese heating dominated areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 1131-1140.
    3. Sergio Bobbo & Laura Fedele & Marco Curcio & Anna Bet & Michele De Carli & Giuseppe Emmi & Fabio Poletto & Andrea Tarabotti & Dimitris Mendrinos & Giulia Mezzasalma & Adriana Bernardi, 2019. "Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A in Ground Source Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Singh Gaur, Ankita & Fitiwi, Desta & Curtis, John, 2019. "Heat pumps and their role in decarbonising heating Sector: a comprehensive review," Papers WP627, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    5. Wu, Di & Hu, Bin & Wang, R.Z., 2018. "Performance simulation and exergy analysis of a hybrid source heat pump system with low GWP refrigerants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 775-785.
    6. Weibo Yang & Binbin Yang & Rui Xu, 2018. "Experimental Study on the Heat Release Operational Characteristics of a Soil Coupled Ground Heat Exchanger with Assisted Cooling Tower," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Zhou, Zhihua & Wu, Shengwei & Du, Tao & Chen, Guanyi & Zhang, Zhiming & Zuo, Jian & He, Qing, 2016. "The energy-saving effects of ground-coupled heat pump system integrated with borehole free cooling: A study in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 9-19.
    8. Xia, Lei & Ma, Zhenjun & Kokogiannakis, Georgios & Wang, Shugang & Gong, Xuemei, 2018. "A model-based optimal control strategy for ground source heat pump systems with integrated solar photovoltaic thermal collectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1399-1412.
    9. Ma, Zhenjun & Xia, Lei & Gong, Xuemei & Kokogiannakis, Georgios & Wang, Shugang & Zhou, Xinlei, 2020. "Recent advances and development in optimal design and control of ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    10. Mu, Baojie & Li, Yaoyu & House, John M. & Salsbury, Timothy I., 2017. "Real-time optimization of a chilled water plant with parallel chillers based on extremum seeking control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 766-781.
    11. Li, Huai & Xu, Wei & Yu, Zhen & Wu, Jianlin & Sun, Zhifeng, 2017. "Application analyze of a ground source heat pump system in a nearly zero energy building in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 140-151.
    12. Kindaichi, Sayaka & Nishina, Daisaku, 2018. "Simple index for onsite operation management of ground source heat pump systems in cooling-dominant regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 182-194.
    13. Olabi, Abdul Ghani & Mahmoud, Montaser & Soudan, Bassel & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Ramadan, Mohamad, 2020. "Geothermal based hybrid energy systems, toward eco-friendly energy approaches," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2003-2012.

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